1. Which of the following groups would be best served by the development of a
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scientific base for nursing practice?
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A) Nursing administrators m
B) Practicing nurses m
C) Nurses' clients m
D) Health care policymakers m m
Ans: C m
mFeedback
:
Nursing research is systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence
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mabout issues of importance to nurses and their clients. Nurse leaders recognize the
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mneed to base specific nursing decisions on evidence indicating that the decisions are
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mclinically appropriate, cost-effective, and result in positive client outcomes. Although
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mall of the people listed would benefit from the development of a scientific base for
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mnursing practice, ultimately it is the clients themselves who would most benefit, as
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mthey would then receive the most appropriate and most effective care.
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2. An especially important goal for the nursing profession is to do which of the following?
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A) Conduct research to better understand the context of nursing practice
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B) Establish a solid base of evidence for practice through disciplined research
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C) Document the role nursing serves in society m m m m m m
D) Establish research priorities m m
Ans: B m
mFeedback
:
Nurses are increasingly expected to understand and undertake research and to base
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mtheir practice on evidence from research. Evidence-based practice is the use of the
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mbest evidence in making patient care decisions and typically comes from research
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mconducted by nurses and other health-care professionals. All of the other answers are
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mpossible goals for the nursing profession, but none is as important as establishing
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mevidence for practice. m m
3. Which of the following is a fundamental belief of those who hold to the
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constructivist paradigm?
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A) A fixed reality exists in nature for humans to understand
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B) The nature of reality has changed over time
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C) Reality is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans
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D) Reality cannot be studied empirically m m m m
Ans: C m
mFeedback
:
In the constructivist paradigm, it is assumed that reality is not a fixed entity but is
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mrather a construction of human minds, and thus “truth” is a composite of multiple
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Page 2 m
,constructions
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Page 3
m
, of reality. However, constructivists do believe that reality can be studied empirically.
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mBelief in a fixed reality that exists in nature for humans to understand would be an
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mexample of a positivist belief, not a constructivist one. The constructivist belief does
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not hold so much that the nature of reality has changed over time as that it has
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malways been constructed by human minds.
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Page 4 m
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