2025/2026 EXAM WGU
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY D236:
HOMEOSTASIS, CELLULAR,
MUSCULOSKELETAL,
INTEGUMENTARY, NEURO, WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
What is the definition of hypophosphatemia?
Phosphate levels below 2.5
What are the signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia related
to blood cells?
RBC, WBC, platelet dysfunction
What are the neurological signs and symptoms of
hypophosphatemia?
Neural dysfunction, tremors
What musculoskeletal signs and symptoms are associated with
hypophosphatemia?
Musculoskeletal dysfunction, bone pain, dysphagia, joint stiffness,
weakness
Hyperphosphatemia
- Phosphate levels above 4.5
- Signs and symptoms
o Typically similar to those of hypocalcemia
, Anion
Negatively charged ion, like phosphate or bicarbonate
Cation
Positively charged ion, like sodium or potassium
Anion gap
Measurement of the unknown number of anion is the Difference
between known cations and known anions in blood
When would the anion gap measurement become important?
Important in identifying underlying conditions of metabolic
acidosis and what is causes it.
Lactic acidosis, DKA, renal failure
Respiratory acidosis
Develops from CO2 accumulation and inadequate gas exchange
in the lungs
What are possible causes of respiratory acidosis
COPD, infection, foreign body obstruction, asthma
Hyperventilating causes what disturbance?
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis can occur from what?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Prolonged vomiting puts a patient at risk of developing what
condition?
Metabolic Alkalosis
How do chemoreceptors in the medulla react to hypercapnia
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