POLI 2051 Exam 3 Questions Complete Solutions Current Update

POLI 2051 Exam 3 Questions Complete Solutions Current Update Mass Media/News Media - Technology that allows individuals to communicate efficiently with a large group and over distances Where did students get their news according to the student survey - Democrats: Newspapers (0) internet (89) Television(8) Republicans: Newspapers (2) Internet (69) Television (23) Independents: Newspapers (0) Internet (76) Television (19) 2 | P a g e Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved. In political science we are primarily concerned with ___ because it informs us as citizens - Information media Controlled media - candidates control the content of the message (i.e. campaign commercials or rallies) Types of Advertisements (controlled media) - Positive (self praise) negative (attacks/criticism of opponent) Defenses - "that's not true" - not effective attacking back on same issue is most common and effective political ads started with - -Eisenhower in 1952 - tended to be short and solf candidates like products Negative ads started with - Daisy girl ad Why do candidates attack even though we are generally against negativity - -out of fear (there's more attacks in a close race) -because they work (tend to be more remembered) what do you do if you're attacked? - counterattack on the same issue (ex. red phone ad from 2008) Bipartisan campaign reform act of 2002 __ - -tried to limit negative attack advertisements but didn't work - other groups stepped up the efforts to provide these attack ads Uncontrolled media - candidates have less control over the content -debates 3 | P a g e Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved. -news coverage Debates first occurred - in presidential general election in 1960 with Nixon V. Kennedy -next ones didn't occur until 1976 and since then we've had at least one every election Characteristics of media coverage of politics - -horse-race coverage (a sporting event) -issue-less (issue covered and then moved on from) -pack journalism (everyone tends to cover the same thing) -style over substance (not about what you say but HOW you say it that's remembered) -anything is newsworthy(anything goes, nothing private) -interpretative(they tell you how to think about it..give a spin on their story) -Negative Federal Regulatory Agencies - -FCC (federal communications commission) regulated broadcasting -2nd restriction was the fairness doctrine on broadcasters (must afford reasonable opportunity for the discussion of conflicting views of public importance) Framing - The process by which journalists select particular aspects of situations and and craft their stories around them Agenda Setting - The media's ability to influence what is on people's minds. (Covering the same events, problems, issues and leaders..the media places them on the public agenda) Watchdog function - The press stands ready to expose officials who violate accepted legal, ethical, or performance standards 4 | P a g e Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved. Common-Carrier Function - Serving as a conduit through which political leaders communicate with public (citizens can't support/oppose a leader's plans/actions if they don't know about them leaders require news coverage if they are to get the public's attention and support) Objective journalism - Rather than slanting the news to favor the republican or democratic side, journalists seek to give their audience both sides, leaving it to them to decide which is bettwe Network most watched by conservatives - Fox News ?? Signaling function - Altering the public to important developments as soon as possible after they happen Approval of congress relative to the president - Congress tends to be less popular than the president Why is Congress Bicameral (2 chambers) - -Practical? (equal representation-fair and balanced) -philosophical (fear of concentrated power) House of Representatives - -2 year terms -representation based on population -seats reapportioned every 10 years Senate - -6 year terms -terms are staggered (only 1/3 of the seats are up for reelection