1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
,1. Which of the following is the primary cause of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Genetic predisposition
- B. Air pollution
- C. Smoking
- D. Occupational exposure
- ANS: C. Smoking
- Rationale: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD,
contributing to the majority of cases.
2. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
- A. Gallstones
- B. Alcohol abuse
- C. Hyperlipidemia
- D. Medications
- ANS: A. Gallstones
- Rationale: Gallstones are the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis, followed by alcohol abuse.
,3. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in patients
with nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Proteinuria
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
- ANS: B. Proteinuria
- Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by
significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The primary neurotransmitter involved in the pathophysiology
of Parkinson's disease is __________.
- ANS: Dopamine
- Rationale: Dopamine deficiency in the brain is a key factor
in the development of Parkinson's disease.
5. The most common type of stroke is __________ stroke.
- ANS: Ischemic
, - Rationale: Ischemic strokes account for approximately 87%
of all stroke cases.
True/False Questions
6. True or False: Hypertension is a major risk factor for the
development of atherosclerosis.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Hypertension contributes to the development and
progression of atherosclerosis by damaging the arterial walls.
7. True or False: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by
insulin resistance.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency.
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