1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
,1. Which of the following is a cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor
that can increase plasma concentrations of certain drugs?
A) Rifampin
B) St. John's Wort
C) Ketoconazole
D) Phenobarbital
ANS: C) Ketoconazole
Rationale: Ketoconazole is a known inhibitor of CYP3A4,
which can decrease metabolism and increase tissue concentrations
of drugs metabolized by this enzyme.
2. In patients with renal impairment, which class of antibiotics
requires dose adjustment to avoid toxicity?
A) Macrolides
B) Beta-lactams
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Tetracyclines
ANS: C) Aminoglycosides
, Rationale: Aminoglycosides are primarily excreted by the
kidneys, and in renal impairment, their clearance is reduced,
necessitating dose adjustments.
3. Which anticoagulant is contraindicated in patients with
mechanical heart valves?
A) Warfarin
B) Dabigatran
C) Heparin
D) Enoxaparin
ANS: B) Dabigatran
Rationale: Dabigatran is not recommended for patients with
mechanical heart valves due to an increased risk of
thromboembolic events compared to warfarin.
4. A patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy is at increased
risk for which of the following complications?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hyperphosphatemia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypernatremia
ANS: A) Hyperglycemia
, Rationale: Corticosteroids can induce insulin resistance and
gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia.
5. The primary reason for using a combination of levodopa and
carbidopa in Parkinson's disease treatment is to:
A) Enhance renal excretion of levodopa.
B) Prevent peripheral conversion of levodopa.
C) Increase blood-brain barrier permeability.
D) Induce cytochrome P450 metabolism.
ANS: B) Prevent peripheral conversion of levodopa.
Rationale: Carbidopa inhibits peripheral dopa decarboxylase,
increasing central nervous system availability of levodopa.
Fill-in-the-Blank
6. ___________ is a side effect associated with chronic use of
proton pump inhibitors.
ANS: Osteoporosis
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors can decrease calcium
absorption, potentially leading to osteoporosis with long-term use.
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller emiliophd. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
