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BIOl 2401 The Integumentary System Lecture Notes $13.99
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BIOl 2401 The Integumentary System Lecture Notes

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This is a comprehensive and detailed lecture note on The Integumentary System for Biol 2401. An Essential Study Resource!!

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  • December 31, 2024
  • 13
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Prof. courtnye
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The Integumentary System (2nd Exam)

Integumentary System


Consists of:


 Skin

 Hair


 Nails

 Sweat glands


 Sebaceous (oil) glands


Functions:

 Protection: a physical and chemical barrier to abrasion, invasion, dehydration, and UV light


 Temperature regulation: produces sweat, which reduces body temperature


 Stimulus Perception: nerve endings detect touch, temperature, pressure, etc.

 Excretion: perspiration serves to eliminate bodily wastes


 Synthesis of Vitamin D: conversion of type of cholesterol into vitamin D happens in the epidermis


 Blood/water reservoir: the dermis is extensively vascular and stores large volumes of blood until needed

elsewhere




Structure:

 The skin consists of two distinct regions:

o Epidermis


 Most superficial region

 Consists of Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

,  Is avascular (lacking blood vessels)

ALL EPITHELIUM US AVASCULAR


o Dermis


 Underlies the epidermis

 Thick, fibrous connective tissue layer


 Is vascular (contains blood vessels)

 The subcutaneous layer just deep to the skin is the Hypodermis (not part of the skin)


o Not considered a part of the skin, but shares some functions


o Also known as the “superficial fascia”


o Made of adipose and areolar tissue


o Acts to anchor the skin to underlying muscles


o Serves as a shock absorber and insulator


o Contains Pacinian corpuscles, which are nerve endings sensitive to pressure changes


Epidermis


 Cells of the epidermis:

o 1) Keratinocytes


 Produce the fibrous protein Keratin that gives the skin its waterproof, protective properties

 Make up most cells of the epidermis


 Tightly connected by desmosomes

 Surface keratinocytes are dead, and millions fall off every day


o 2) Melanocytes


 Located in the deepest epidermis (base layer)

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