Nursing Leadership and
Management (Chapter 1)
What is *leadership*? - Correct Answer A process of influence by
which the leader influences others *toward goal achievement*
*Formal* leader - Correct Answer A person is *in a position of
authority* or in a sanctioned, assigned role within an organization
*that connotes influence*, such as a clinical nurse specialist.
*Informal* leader - Correct Answer An individual who *demonstrates
leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership* role or *as a
member of a group* rather than as the head or leader of the group.
Leadership *traits* - Correct Answer -Guiding vision -Passion -
Integrity -Self-confidence -Determination -Intelligence -Sociability -
Visionary -Resource -Experience -Humility -Have high standards -
Value education -Value professional development -Demonstrate
power in the organization -Active in a professional organization -
Model learned beliefs and practices as they mentor other nurses List
the *3 behavioral theories* of leadership - Correct Answer *1)*
Autocratic *2)* Democratic *3)* Laissez-faire What is the
*autocratic* behavioral theory of leadership? - Correct Answer
*Autocratic* leadership involves *centralized decision making*, with
the leader making decisions and *using power to command and
control others*. -Associated with high-performing groups, but close
supervision is necessary, and feelings of hostility are often present.
What is the *democratic* behavioral theory of leadership? - Correct
Answer *Democratic* leadership is participatory, with *authority
delegated to others*. To be influential, the democratic leader *uses
expert power and the power base afforded by having close, personal
relationships*. -Engenders positive feelings in their groups, and
performance is strong whether or not the leader is present. What is
the *laissez-faire* behavioral theory of leadership? - Correct Answer
Laissez-faire leadership is *passive and permissive*, and the *leader
defers decision making*. -Associated with low-productivity and
feelings of frustration are found within their groups. What are
*contingency theories* of leadership? - Correct Answer Contingency
theory acknowledges that *other factors in the environment
influence outcomes as a much leadership style*. -The premise is
that *different leader behavior patterns will be effective in different
situations*. List the *2 contingency theories* of leadership - Correct
Answer *1)* Fielder's Contingency Theory *2)* Hersey and
Blanchard's Situational Theory What is *Fielder's Contingency
Theory*? - Correct Answer Fielder's Contingency Theory is credited
with the development of the contingency model of *leadership
effectiveness*. Fielder's theory of leadership effectiveness views the
pattern of leader behavior as *dependent upon* the* interaction of
the personality of the leader* and the *needs of the situation*. What
is Fielder's Contingency Theory contingent upon? - Correct Answer
The needs of the situation or how favorable the situation is toward
the leader *involves*: 1) *leader-member relationships*, 2) the
,degree of *task structure*, 3) and the leader's *position of power*. --
When all of these dimensions (leader-member relationships, task
structure, and position power) are high, the situation is favorable for
the leader. --This approach can help match the needs of the
organizational situation with the most favorable leadership style for
the situation. 1) *Leader-member relations* (Fielder's Contingency
Theory) - Correct Answer *1) Leader-member relations* are the
feelings and attitudes of followers regarding acceptance, trust, and
credibility of the leader. --*Good* leader-member relations exist
when followers respect, trust, and have confidence in the leader. --
*Poor* leader-member relations reflect distrust, a lack of confidence
and respect, and dissatisfaction with the leader by the followers. 2)
*Task structure* (Fielder's Contingency Theory) - Correct Answer *2)
Task structure* refers to the degree to which work is defined, with
specific procedures, explicit directions, and goals. --*High* task
structure involves routine, predictable, clearly defined work tasks. --
*Low* task structure involves work that is not routine, predictable,
or clearly defined, such as creative, artistic, or qualitative research
activities. 3) *Position power* (Fielder's Contingency Theory) -
Correct Answer *3) Position power* is the degree of formal authority
and influence associated with the leader. --*High* position power is
favorable for the leader --*Low* position power is unfavorable What
is *Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory*? - Correct Answer
Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory *addresses follower
characteristics/readiness in relation to effective leader behavior*.
*Follower readiness*, called maturity, is assessed in order to select
one of four leadership styles: *1) Telling leadership* (high task, low
relationship) *2) Selling leadership* (high task, high relationship) *3)
Participating leadership* (low task, high relationship) *4) Delegating
leadership* (low task, low relationship) --Use of these four
leadership styles helps a nurse manager assign work to others. List
the *contemporary approaches* to leadership - Correct Answer *1)*
Transformational theory *2)* Servant leadership What are
*contemporary approaches* to leadership? - Correct Answer
Contemporary approaches to leadership *address the leadership
functions necessary to develop learning organizations*. What is
*Transformational theory*? (Contemporary approach to leadership) -
Correct Answer Transformational theory is based on the idea of
*empowering others* to engage in *pursuing a collective purpose*
by working together to *achieve a vision of a preferred future*. --
This kind of leadership can influence both the leader and the
follower to a higher level of conduct and achievement that
transforms them both. What is the difference between a
*transactional leader* and a *transformational leader*? - Correct
Answer *1) Transactional leaders* are the traditional managers
concerned with the *day-to-day operations*. *2) Transformational
leaders* are committed to a vision that *empowers others*. What is
*Servant leadership*? - Correct Answer Servant leadership focuses
on *putting the needs of others above all else* as the number one
, priority. --Characteristics include: listening, empathy, awareness,
persuasion, foresight, stewardship, growth, and building community.
--This is most often *seen in the nurse-patient relationship*, and
through a commitment to growth, nurses help patients grow as
individuals. What are *knowledge workers*? - Correct Answer
Knowledge workers, as defined by Peter Druker, are *those who
bring specialized, expert knowledge to an organization* and are
considered leaders in the organization. They are valued for what
they know. What is *emotional intelligence*? - Correct Answer
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a component of leadership and *refers
to the capacity for recognizing your own feelings and those of
others*, for motivating yourself, and for *managing emotions well in
yourself and in your relationships*. --...a different type of
intelligence. *It's about being "heart smart,"* not just "book smart."
How can I develop *emotional intelligence*? - Correct Answer
Emotional intelligence (EI) is developed through *five key skills*: *1)
Lessen your stress* *2) Understand your emotions* through self-
awareness and self-regulation *3) Connect with others through
nonverbal communication*, express empathy, and improve on social
skills *4) Use humor* *5) Resolve conflicts* What is *management*?
- Correct Answer Management is defined as *a process of
coordinating actions and allocating resources* to achieve
organizational goals. --Effective management can be viewed as the
art of accomplishing things through people. Characteristics of
*management* include: - Correct Answer -*Assigned position* -
*Legitimate source of power* -*Carries out specific functions*,
duties, and responsibilities -*Emphasizes control*, decision making,
decision analysis, and results -*Manipulate people*, the
environment, money, time, *and other resources* to achieve
organizational goals -Have *greater formal responsibility and
accountability* for rationality and control *than leaders* -*Direct
willing and unwilling subordinates* What are the *3 Managerial
Roles* - Correct Answer *1) Information-processing role* is used to
manage the information needs people have. --Monitoring,
Disseminator, Spokesperson *2) Interpersonal role* is used to
manage relationships with people --Figurehead, Leader, Liaison *3)
Decision-making role* is used to take action when making decisions
--Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, Resource allocator, Negotiator
What *functions of management* define the *management
process*? - Correct Answer -Controlling -Planning -Organizing -
Staffing -Directing -Creative problem solving What are the *3 levels
of management*? - Correct Answer *1)* Top-level (Executive-Level)
managers *2)* Middle-level managers *3)* First-level managers
What are *Top*-level (*Executive*-Level) managers? - Correct
Answer Top-level (Executive-Level) managers are concerned with
*planning and generalizing at the highest levels* of an organization.
Direct supervision is *not* a major job requirement. Nurses in these
roles usually carry the title of *Chief Nurse Executive* or, in acute
care hospitals, the title may be *Vice President of Patient Care
Management (Chapter 1)
What is *leadership*? - Correct Answer A process of influence by
which the leader influences others *toward goal achievement*
*Formal* leader - Correct Answer A person is *in a position of
authority* or in a sanctioned, assigned role within an organization
*that connotes influence*, such as a clinical nurse specialist.
*Informal* leader - Correct Answer An individual who *demonstrates
leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership* role or *as a
member of a group* rather than as the head or leader of the group.
Leadership *traits* - Correct Answer -Guiding vision -Passion -
Integrity -Self-confidence -Determination -Intelligence -Sociability -
Visionary -Resource -Experience -Humility -Have high standards -
Value education -Value professional development -Demonstrate
power in the organization -Active in a professional organization -
Model learned beliefs and practices as they mentor other nurses List
the *3 behavioral theories* of leadership - Correct Answer *1)*
Autocratic *2)* Democratic *3)* Laissez-faire What is the
*autocratic* behavioral theory of leadership? - Correct Answer
*Autocratic* leadership involves *centralized decision making*, with
the leader making decisions and *using power to command and
control others*. -Associated with high-performing groups, but close
supervision is necessary, and feelings of hostility are often present.
What is the *democratic* behavioral theory of leadership? - Correct
Answer *Democratic* leadership is participatory, with *authority
delegated to others*. To be influential, the democratic leader *uses
expert power and the power base afforded by having close, personal
relationships*. -Engenders positive feelings in their groups, and
performance is strong whether or not the leader is present. What is
the *laissez-faire* behavioral theory of leadership? - Correct Answer
Laissez-faire leadership is *passive and permissive*, and the *leader
defers decision making*. -Associated with low-productivity and
feelings of frustration are found within their groups. What are
*contingency theories* of leadership? - Correct Answer Contingency
theory acknowledges that *other factors in the environment
influence outcomes as a much leadership style*. -The premise is
that *different leader behavior patterns will be effective in different
situations*. List the *2 contingency theories* of leadership - Correct
Answer *1)* Fielder's Contingency Theory *2)* Hersey and
Blanchard's Situational Theory What is *Fielder's Contingency
Theory*? - Correct Answer Fielder's Contingency Theory is credited
with the development of the contingency model of *leadership
effectiveness*. Fielder's theory of leadership effectiveness views the
pattern of leader behavior as *dependent upon* the* interaction of
the personality of the leader* and the *needs of the situation*. What
is Fielder's Contingency Theory contingent upon? - Correct Answer
The needs of the situation or how favorable the situation is toward
the leader *involves*: 1) *leader-member relationships*, 2) the
,degree of *task structure*, 3) and the leader's *position of power*. --
When all of these dimensions (leader-member relationships, task
structure, and position power) are high, the situation is favorable for
the leader. --This approach can help match the needs of the
organizational situation with the most favorable leadership style for
the situation. 1) *Leader-member relations* (Fielder's Contingency
Theory) - Correct Answer *1) Leader-member relations* are the
feelings and attitudes of followers regarding acceptance, trust, and
credibility of the leader. --*Good* leader-member relations exist
when followers respect, trust, and have confidence in the leader. --
*Poor* leader-member relations reflect distrust, a lack of confidence
and respect, and dissatisfaction with the leader by the followers. 2)
*Task structure* (Fielder's Contingency Theory) - Correct Answer *2)
Task structure* refers to the degree to which work is defined, with
specific procedures, explicit directions, and goals. --*High* task
structure involves routine, predictable, clearly defined work tasks. --
*Low* task structure involves work that is not routine, predictable,
or clearly defined, such as creative, artistic, or qualitative research
activities. 3) *Position power* (Fielder's Contingency Theory) -
Correct Answer *3) Position power* is the degree of formal authority
and influence associated with the leader. --*High* position power is
favorable for the leader --*Low* position power is unfavorable What
is *Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory*? - Correct Answer
Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory *addresses follower
characteristics/readiness in relation to effective leader behavior*.
*Follower readiness*, called maturity, is assessed in order to select
one of four leadership styles: *1) Telling leadership* (high task, low
relationship) *2) Selling leadership* (high task, high relationship) *3)
Participating leadership* (low task, high relationship) *4) Delegating
leadership* (low task, low relationship) --Use of these four
leadership styles helps a nurse manager assign work to others. List
the *contemporary approaches* to leadership - Correct Answer *1)*
Transformational theory *2)* Servant leadership What are
*contemporary approaches* to leadership? - Correct Answer
Contemporary approaches to leadership *address the leadership
functions necessary to develop learning organizations*. What is
*Transformational theory*? (Contemporary approach to leadership) -
Correct Answer Transformational theory is based on the idea of
*empowering others* to engage in *pursuing a collective purpose*
by working together to *achieve a vision of a preferred future*. --
This kind of leadership can influence both the leader and the
follower to a higher level of conduct and achievement that
transforms them both. What is the difference between a
*transactional leader* and a *transformational leader*? - Correct
Answer *1) Transactional leaders* are the traditional managers
concerned with the *day-to-day operations*. *2) Transformational
leaders* are committed to a vision that *empowers others*. What is
*Servant leadership*? - Correct Answer Servant leadership focuses
on *putting the needs of others above all else* as the number one
, priority. --Characteristics include: listening, empathy, awareness,
persuasion, foresight, stewardship, growth, and building community.
--This is most often *seen in the nurse-patient relationship*, and
through a commitment to growth, nurses help patients grow as
individuals. What are *knowledge workers*? - Correct Answer
Knowledge workers, as defined by Peter Druker, are *those who
bring specialized, expert knowledge to an organization* and are
considered leaders in the organization. They are valued for what
they know. What is *emotional intelligence*? - Correct Answer
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a component of leadership and *refers
to the capacity for recognizing your own feelings and those of
others*, for motivating yourself, and for *managing emotions well in
yourself and in your relationships*. --...a different type of
intelligence. *It's about being "heart smart,"* not just "book smart."
How can I develop *emotional intelligence*? - Correct Answer
Emotional intelligence (EI) is developed through *five key skills*: *1)
Lessen your stress* *2) Understand your emotions* through self-
awareness and self-regulation *3) Connect with others through
nonverbal communication*, express empathy, and improve on social
skills *4) Use humor* *5) Resolve conflicts* What is *management*?
- Correct Answer Management is defined as *a process of
coordinating actions and allocating resources* to achieve
organizational goals. --Effective management can be viewed as the
art of accomplishing things through people. Characteristics of
*management* include: - Correct Answer -*Assigned position* -
*Legitimate source of power* -*Carries out specific functions*,
duties, and responsibilities -*Emphasizes control*, decision making,
decision analysis, and results -*Manipulate people*, the
environment, money, time, *and other resources* to achieve
organizational goals -Have *greater formal responsibility and
accountability* for rationality and control *than leaders* -*Direct
willing and unwilling subordinates* What are the *3 Managerial
Roles* - Correct Answer *1) Information-processing role* is used to
manage the information needs people have. --Monitoring,
Disseminator, Spokesperson *2) Interpersonal role* is used to
manage relationships with people --Figurehead, Leader, Liaison *3)
Decision-making role* is used to take action when making decisions
--Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, Resource allocator, Negotiator
What *functions of management* define the *management
process*? - Correct Answer -Controlling -Planning -Organizing -
Staffing -Directing -Creative problem solving What are the *3 levels
of management*? - Correct Answer *1)* Top-level (Executive-Level)
managers *2)* Middle-level managers *3)* First-level managers
What are *Top*-level (*Executive*-Level) managers? - Correct
Answer Top-level (Executive-Level) managers are concerned with
*planning and generalizing at the highest levels* of an organization.
Direct supervision is *not* a major job requirement. Nurses in these
roles usually carry the title of *Chief Nurse Executive* or, in acute
care hospitals, the title may be *Vice President of Patient Care
