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WGU PATHO D236 - GOODLUCK ! QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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WGU PATHO D236 - GOODLUCK ! QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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WGU PATHO D236 - GOODLUCK !QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Turnersmsyndromesm-smanswer--
Asmchromosomalsmdisordersminsmfemalessminsmwhichsmeithersmansm*Xsmchromosome*smissm
missing,smmakingsmthesmpersonsmXOsminsteadsmofsmXX,smorsmpartsmofsmonesmXsmchromoso
mesmissmdeleted.
Tay-SachssmDiseasesm-smanswer--
Asmhumansmgeneticsmdiseasesmcausedsmbysmasmrecessivesmallelesmforsmasmdysfunctionalsm
enzymesmleadssmtosmthesmaccumulationsmofsmcertainsmlipidssminsmthesmbrain.sm
Seizures,smblindness,smandsmdegenerationsmofsmmotorsmandsmmentalsmperformancesmusu
allysmbecomesmmanifestsmasmfewsmmonthssmaftersmbirth,smfollowedsmbysmdeathsmwithinsmasm
fewsmyears.
Downsmsyndromesm-smanswer--
Asmconditionsmofsmmildsmtosmseveresmintellectualsmdisabilitysmandsmassociatedsmphysicalsm
disorderssmcausedsmbysmansmextrasmcopysmofsmchromosomesm21
DiabetessmInsipidussm-smanswer--
Antidiureticsmhormonesmissmnotsmsecretedsmadequately,smorsmthesmkidneysmissmresistantsmt
osmitssmeffect.smThesm*serumsmsodiumsmissmoftensmelevated*smduesmtosmexcesssmfreesmwat
ersmlosses.
Insmdiabetessminsipidus,smyoursmbloodsmglucosesmlevelssmaresmnormal,smbutsmyoursmkidney
ssmcan'tsmproperlysmconcentratesmurine.
CardiacsmValvesmDiseasesmProcesssm-smanswer--
Insmheartsmvalvesmdisease,smonesmorsmmoresmofsmthesmvalvessminsmyoursmheartsmdoesn'tsmw
orksmproperly.smRegurgitationsm(orsmleakagesmofsmthesmvalve).smWhensmthesmvalve(s)smdos
mnotsmclosesmcompletely,smitsmcausessmbloodsmtosmflowsmbackwardsmthroughsmthesmvalve.sm
Thissmreducessmforwardsmbloodsmflowsmandsmcansmleadsmtosmvolumesmoverloadsminsmthesmh
eart.
Stenosissm(orsmnarrowingsmofsmthesmvalve).smWhensmthesmvalve(s)smopeningsmbecomessm
narrowed,smitsmlimitssmthesmflowsmofsmbloodsmoutsmofsmthesmventriclessmorsmatria.smThesmhea
rtsmissmforcedsmtosmpumpsmbloodsmwithsmincreasedsmforcesmtosmmovesmbloodsmthroughsmthe
smnarrowedsmorsmstiffsm(stenotic)smvalve(s).
CardiacsmValvesmComplicationssm-smanswer--
Heartsmvalvesmdiseasesmcansmcausesmmanysmcomplications,smincluding:
*smHeartsmfailure.
*smStroke.
*smBloodsmclots.
,*smHeartsmrhythmsmabnormalities.
*smDeath.
RespiratorysmIllnesssmfromsmbatssm-smanswer--
*Viralsmhemorrhagicsmfevers*smaresmspreadsmbysmcontactsmwithsminfectedsmanimalssmorsmin
sects.smThesmvirusessmthatsmcausesmviralsmhemorrhagicsmfeverssmlivesminsmasmvarietysmofsm
animalsmandsminsectsmhosts.sm
Mostsmcommonly,smthesmhostssmincludesmmosquitoes,smticks,smrodents,smorsmbats.smSome
smviralsmhemorrhagicsmfeverssmcansmalsosmbesmspreadsmfromsmpersonsmtosmperson.
Anemiasm-smanswer--Differentsmtypessmofsmanemiasminclude:
AnemiasmduesmtosmvitaminsmB12smdeficiency
Anemiasmduesmtosmfolatesm(folicsmacid)smdeficiency
Anemiasmduesmtosmironsmdeficiency
Anemiasmofsmchronicsmdisease
Hemolyticsmanemia
Idiopathicsmaplasticsmanemia
Megaloblasticsmanemia
Pernicioussmanemia
Sicklesmcellsmanemia
Thalassemia
AcidsmBasesmBalancesm-smlungsmandsmkidneysmcompensationsm-smanswer--
Thesmkidneyssmhavesmtwosmmainsmwayssmtosmmaintainsmacid-basesmbalancesm-
smtheirsmcellssmreabsorbsmbicarbonatesmHCO3−smfromsmthesmurinesmbacksmtosmthesmbloodsm
andsmtheysmsecretesmhydrogensmH+smionssmintosmthesmurine.sm
Bysmadjustingsmthesmamountssmreabsorbedsmandsmsecreted,smtheysmbalancesmthesmblood
stream'ssmpH.
Pyelonephritissm-smanswer--Inflammationsmofsmthesmrenalsmpelvissmandsmthesmkidney
Prostatesmcancersm-smanswer--
Cancersmofsmthesmprostatesmglandsmusuallysmoccurssminsmmensmmiddle-agedsmandsmolder.
Arterysmresponsesmduringsmbloodsmloss.sm
Doessmcellsmshrinksmorsmswellsm?sm-smanswer--*Vasoconstriction*
MarfansmSyndromesm-smAutosomalsmdominantsmtraitsm-smanswer--
Thissmconditionsmissminheritedsminsmansmautosomalsmdominantsmpatternsm,smwhichsmmeans
smonesmcopysmofsmthesmalteredsmgenesminsmeachsmcellsmissmsufficientsmtosmcausesmthesmdisor
der.sm
Atsmleastsm25smpercentsmofsmMarfansmsyndromesmcasessmresultsmfromsmasmnewsmmutations
minsmthesmFBN1smgene
SpinasmBifidasm-smanswer--
Notsmhavingsmenoughsm*folicsmacid*smduringsmpregnancysmissmonesmofsmthesmmostsmimport
, antsmfactorssmthatsmcansmincreasesmthesmchancessmofsmhavingsmasmchildsmwithsmspinasmbifi
da.
Bursitissm-smanswer--Inflammationsmofsmasmbursasmsac.smInflammationsmofsmthesmfluid-
filledsmpadssm(bursae)smthatsmactsmassmcushionssmatsmthesmjoints.
SprainssmandsmStrainssm-smanswer--
Asmsprainsmoccurssmwhensmyousmoverextendsmorsmtearsmasmligamentsmwhilesmseverelysmstr
essingsmasmjoint.Asmstrainsmoccurssmwhensmtendonssm(bandssmatsmthesmendsmofsmmuscless
mthatsmconnectsmmusclessmtosmbones)smgetsmstretchedsmorsmpulledsmawaysmfromsmthesmbon
e.
Endometriosissm-smanswer--
#sm*Painfulsmperiodssm(dysmenorrhea)*.smPelvicsmpainsmandsmcrampingsmmaysmbeginsmbe
foresmandsmextendsmseveralsmdayssmintosmasmmenstrualsmperiod.sm
#Lowersmbacksmandsmabdominalsmpain.
#Painsmwithsmintercourse.smPainsmduringsmorsmaftersmsexsmissmcommonsmwithsmendometrio
sis.
#Painsmwithsmbowelsmmovementssmorsmurination.smYou'resmmostsmlikelysmtosmexperiencesm
thesesmsymptomssmduringsmasmmenstrualsmperiod.
#Excessivesmbleeding.smYousmmaysmexperiencesmoccasionalsmheavysmmenstrualsmperiod
ssmorsmbleedingsmbetweensmperiodssm(intermenstrualsmbleeding).
#Infertility.smSometimes,smendometriosissmissmfirstsmdiagnosedsminsmthosesmseekingsmtrea
tmentsmforsminfertility.
#Fatigue,smdiarrhea,smconstipation,smbloatingsmorsmnausea,smespeciallysmduringsmmenstr
ualsmperiods.
Ulcerativesmcolitissm-smanswer--
Ulcerativesmcolitissmissmansm*autoimmunesmdiseasesmofsmthesmlargesmintestine*,smspecifica
llysmthesm*colonsmandsmrectum*.sm
Itsmaffectssmthesmmucosalsmlayersmofsmthesmlargesmintestine.
#Aorticsmstenosis/regurgitationsm
#Mitralsmstenosis/regurgitationsm-smanswer--
*Mitralsmvalvesmstenosis*smoccurssmwhensmthesmmitralsmvalvesminsmthesmheartsmnarrows,smr
estrictingsmbloodsmflowsmintosmthesmmainsmpumpingsmchamber.smThesmmitralsmvalvesmmays
malsosmleak,smcausingsm*bloodsmtosmflowsmbacksmthroughsmthesmvalvesmeachsmtimesmthesmle
ftsmventriclesmcontracts*.smThissmconditionsmissmcalledsmmitralsmvalvesmregurgitation.
*Backflowsmofsmblood*smissmcausedsmbysmfailuresmofsmthesmheart'ssmmitralsmvalvesmtosmclose
smtightly.
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