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WGU D236 PATHO STUDY GUIDE 2025 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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WGU D236 PATHO STUDY GUIDE 2025 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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WGU D236 PATHO STUDY GUIDE 2025 WITHCOMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Pressurerthatrisrduertoralbuminrinrtherbloodstream?r-rCORRECTrANSWERr-Oncotic
Oncoticr-rCORRECTrANSWERr-arformrofrosmoticrpressurerexertedrbyrproteins
Inrtherblood,r_____risrthermostrcommonrplasmarproteinrandris,rtherefore,rarprimaryrdeterminantrofroncotic
rpressurer-rCORRECTrANSWERr-albumin
_____rcontrolsrosmoticrpressurerinrvascularrsystem,rbuildsrvolumer-rCORRECTrANSWERr-Albumin
Onerquestionrwasraboutrtherdifferencerinrchildrenrandradultrimmunityr-rCORRECTrANSWERr-
Possibleranswer:rnaiverTrcells
Learningrcheckrquestion:rWhichrdifferencesrinrimmunityrmakerchildrenrandrolderradultrpatientsrmorersusce
ptiblertorinfections?rChooser2ranswers
Youngerrpatientsrhaverfewerrmemoryrcellsrtorcombatrinfection
OlderradultrpatientsrhaverardwindlingrpopulationrofrnaiverTrcells
Olderradultrpatientsrhavermorermemoryrcellsrtorcombatrinfection
YoungerrpatientsrhaverarlargerpopulationrofrnaiverTrcells
OlderradultrpatientsrhaverarlargerpopulationrofrnaiverTrcellsr-rCORRECTrANSWERr-
Youngerrpatientsrhaverfewerrmemoryrcellsrtorcombatrinfection
OlderradultrpatientsrhaverardwindlingrpopulationrofrnaiverTrcells
,Rationale:ryoungerrpatientsrhavernotrbeenrexposedrtormanyrpathogens,rwhichrmeansrthatrtheyrhaverfewerr
memoryrcellsrthanradults.rTherprimaryrimmunerresponserisrrelativelyrweakrcomparedrtorarsecondaryrrespo
nsermediatedrbyrmemoryrcells.
OlderradultrpatientsrdornotrhaverasrmanyrTrcellsrcomparedrtoryoungerrpatients.rWhenrtheserpatientsrencou
nterrnovelrpathogens,rtherreducedrnumberrofrnaiverTrcellsrgivesrclonalrselectionrfewerropportunitiesrtor"fin
d"rTrcellsrthatrwillrbereffective.
Fluidrandrelectrolyterlevelsrarerregulatedrbyr_______,rwhichrregulatesractionsrsuchrasrthirst,rADH,rtherkidne
ys,randrRAAS.r-rCORRECTrANSWERr-osmoreceptors
Fluidrdeficitrcausesr-rCORRECTrANSWERr--Excessiverloss
-Inadequaterintake
-Orrcombinationrofrboth
Fluidrdeficitrriskrfactorsr-rCORRECTrANSWERr--Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessiversweating
-Insufficientrwaterrintake
Fluidrdeficitrmanifestationsr-rCORRECTrANSWERr--dryrmucousrmembranes
-decreasedrskinrturgor
-decreasedrurineroutput
-lowrbloodrpressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROMErforrABGsr-rCORRECTrANSWERr-RespiratoryrOppositerMetabolicrEqual
IfrpHrandrpCO2rarermovingrinroppositerdirections,rthenritrisrpCO2rlevelsrthatrarercausingrtherimbalancerandri
trisrrespiratoryrinrnature
Ifrtheyrarermovingrthersamerdirectionrthenritrisrmetabolicrinrnature
,Buffers,rrenalrcompensation,randrrespiratoryrcompensationrhelprtormaintainrarbloodrpHrofr_______r-
rCORRECTrANSWERr-7.35-7.45
ArpatientrwithrarviralrillnessrandrseverervomitingrhasranrelevatedrCO2rlevelrandrarbloodrpHrofr7.53.rSherisrbre
athingrslowly.rWhatrconditionrdoesrtherpatientrhave?r
Metabolicralkalosisr
Metabolicracidosisr
Respiratoryralkalosis
Respiratoryracidosisr-rCORRECTrANSWERr-Metabolicralkalosis
Therpatient'srpHrandrCO2rlevelrarerbothrelevatingr(movingrinrthersamerdirection).rThisrindicatesrmetabolicra
lkalosis.rTherCO2rlevelrisrhighrbecauserherrrespiratoryrsystemrisrattemptingrtorcompensaterforrtherhighrpHrb
yrexhalingrlessrandrretainingrmorerCO2
TorpreventrchangesrinrpH,rtherbodyremploysrbufferrsystems.rTherbodyrutilizesr3rbufferrsystems:r-
rCORRECTrANSWERr-proteins,rphosphates,randrthercarbonicracid-bicarbonatersystem
Carbonicracid-bicarbonatersystemrfirstrlinerofrdefenserisr_____,rsecondrlinerofrdefenserisr_____r-
rCORRECTrANSWERr-respirations;rkidneys
Carbonicracid-bicarbonatersystemrequationr-rCORRECTrANSWERr-Therequationrmovesrinrbothrdirections
CABSrEquation:
WhenrCO2rlevelsrarerelevated,rtherequationrmovesr________,rformingrmorerH+randrHCO3-rionsr-
rCORRECTrANSWERr-towardrtherright
CABSrEquation:
WhenrH+rionsrarerelevated,rtherequationrmovesr_____,rasrH+rionsrarerconvertedrtorCO2randrtherCO2risrexha
led.r-rCORRECTrANSWERr-towardrtherleft
, CO2rlevelsr-rCORRECTrANSWERr-35-45
HCO3rlevelsr-rCORRECTrANSWERr-22-26
Michael'srpulmonaryredemarleadsrtorrespiratoryracidosis.rHowrdoesrpHrimpactrMichael'srbasalrmetabolicrp
anel?rChooser3ranswers.r
HisrCO2rlevelrisrincreasedrbecauserhisrlungsrhaverdifficultyrremovingritrfromrtherbloodstream.r
HisrK+risrelevatedrbecause,rasrH+rmovesrinsiderofrcellsrinranrattemptrtorgetritroutrofrtherbloodstream,rK+rmo
vesrfromrcellsrintortherbloodstream.r
Hisrsodiumrlevelrisrdecreasedrduertorhypervolemia.r
HisrcalciumrlevelrisrreducedrbecausertherelevatedrconcentrationrofrH+rmakesritreasierrforrCa+rtorbindrtoralbu
min.r
HisrCO2rlevelrisrdecreasedrbecauserhisrlungsrhaverdifficultyraddingritrintortherbloodstreamr-
rCORRECTrANSWERr-
HisrCO2rlevelrisrincreasedrbecauserhisrlungsrhaverdifficultyrremovingritrfromrtherbloodstream.r
HisrK+risrelevatedrbecause,rasrH+rmovesrinsiderofrcellsrinranrattemptrtorgetritroutrofrtherbloodstream,rK+rmo
vesrfromrcellsrintortherbloodstream.r
Hisrsodiumrlevelrisrdecreasedrduertorhypervolemia.
Thererisrarquestionraboutrhypoventilationrorrhyperventilationr-rCORRECTrANSWERr-
MetabolicracidosisrpHr<7.35r=rrespirationsrincreaserinrdepthrandrratertorblowroffrCO2
MetabolicralkalosisrpHr>7.45r=rrespirationsrslowrdownrtorincreaserCO2rretention
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