This document summarizes the first 3 weeks of a 10 week biopsychology class. It examines the following topics: intro to brain and behavior, biopsychology history, cell and structures of the nervous systems, brain imaging methods, and neurophysiology. Covers chapters 1 -3 of The Mind's Machine. Incl...
EXAM #1 REVEIW :
CHAPTER 1 Intro to :
brain and behavior Jean-Pierre Florens -
father of experimental brain ADDITIONAL TERMS TO KNOW
Monism-belief that mind and brain are not separate science Neuroplasticity-behavior and experiences that alter the
entities but that the mind is an extension of the brain
, .
Hermann Von Helmholtz-measured rate of nerve conduction physical brain.
Dualism -
the belief that mind and brain are separate Paul Broca demonstrated functional localization
-
in the brain Adult neurogenisis -
the creation of new neurons in an
↳ adult brain
neuroscience
-
study of the nervous system BrocalWernickes aphasia.
behavioral neuroscience (blopsych) -
the study that relates Fritsch/Hitzig-discovered motor cortex via,
stimulating dog consciousness -
the state of awareness of one's own thoughts
behavior to bodily processes brains w electrical .
current emotions and experiences
,
THE BIG WIGS Golgi-proposed that neurons are fused together into continuous Ontogeny -
the process by which an individual changes
Hippocrates- believed brain was seat of thoughts and structures (Reticular Theory) In the course of its lifetime -
"grows up and old"
emotion Ramon y Cajal
-
Proved that neural tissue consists of separate Reductionism-breaking a system down into
increasingly
Aristotle -
believed heart was seat of thoughts and cells (The Neuron Doctrine smaller parts in order to understandIt.
emotion , brain served as a cooling organ STUDIES
Galen-suggested brain mediated mental function somatic intervention-changes In body structure or function
Descartes -
dualist but , suggested link between soul which results in a change in behavior
=
and brain. Movement a push from brain , caused by behavioral intervention -
a change in behavior that causes a
the mind (soul change in bodily structure/function
Luigi Galvani-first evidence that nervous system signals Correlation how changes 1 variable are related
examining in
-
were electrical . to changes in another variable (NOT CAUSATION)
Johannes Miller -
Father of Doctrine of Specific nerve E
.
↳ the mind
has access to objects only ,
to nerves
↳
perceptions depend on nerve energies, reaching the
brain and that the quality we experience depends
on which nerves are stimulated.
, CHAPTER 2- cells and structures neurotransmitter receptor -
a specialized protein that selectively corpus callosum-band of axons connecting the 2 hemispheres
NERVOUS SYSTEM PARTS senses and reacts toa correspondingneurot or hormone Precent gyrus -
In front of central sulcus Vital for motor ,
neuron-the most basic unit of the nervous system axonal transport -
transport of material from cell body to control
synapse
-
the cellular location at which information is axon terminals (and vice versal Postcent .
gyrus-behind central sulcus ,
vital for somato-
transmitted from a neuron to another cell . (synaptic button) Olial cells -
additional structure/support cells
sensory information
axon terminal
Dendrite ↳
cell body axon 1 oligodendrocyte-alal cell that forms myelin In CNS Gray matter areas of the brain dominated by cell
-
·
& maavonepechwacecelthatfommyenPN
& bodies devoid of
,
direction White matter-ared of brain
myelin
consisting of axons mea
↑ axon hillock F
conduction
a
output ↳
~ Integration injured
:
zone cellular debris from cells . Forebrain hemispheres hypolthalamus
:
microglia-remove -
cerebral
where info
,
Input location where where info
transmits
zone
:
decision toproduce is
electrically to other CNS-brain/spinal cord PNS -
all other nerves midbrain -
middle division of brain
processing neural signal transmitted cells
center from occurs Nerve-a collection of axons in PNS hindbrain-cerebellum pons medulla , ,
many dendrites extending from Motor nerve-efferent signals to PNS Diencephalon posterior fetal forebrain (becomes
-
hypolthalamus)
cell body and ,
a single axon (most common) Somatic Nervous system -
consists of cranial and spinal Brainster-midbrain pons and medulla ,
Bipolar single dendrite extending from connecting skeletal and BRAIN SYSTEMS :
neuron a nerves
sensory systems
-
,
cell body w/ a single axon Autonomic Nervous System -
a part of the PNS that provides Basal Ganglia-plays a critical role in movement
Unipolar neuron -
a single branch that extends in 2 main neural connections to viscera Limbic system
-
network of structures involved in emotion
directions from the cell body and serves as both an sympathetic-fight or flight parasympathetic-rest/digest and learning
axon and dendrite. Gyrus-Raised portion sulcus-crevice/valley Amygdala
-
includes emotional regulation
BRAIN pre-gurus central acus
learning/memory
:
motor-a neuron that transmits neural messages to Hippocampus-vital for
&-Post
muscles (or glands)
S singulate gurus direction of attention
-
gyrus
FRONTAL PARIETAL
sensory
-
a nerve cell affected by changes in environment sylvia thalamus -
sensory traffic cop
Tissue OCC
Sin
.
*
Inter-a neuron that is not motor or
sensory hypothalamus-fight flight , ,
feed f CK.
,
neurotransmitter -
chem released from the presynaptic
L TEMPORAL
Cerebellum
Brainstem
.
neuron to post synaptic neuron olfactory
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