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AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEWQUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Sample - Answer-a group of participants who are assumed to be representative of the
population about which an inference is being made
Random sample - Answer-selection of a part of the population without reason;
participation is by chance
Operational definition - Answer-a definition of a variable in terms of the set of methods
or procedures used to measure or study that variable
Participant - Answer-an individual who takes part in an experiment and whose behavior
is observed as part of the data collection process
Double-blind procedure - Answer-technique in which neither the persons involved for
those conducting the experiment know in what group to participate is involved
Debriefing - Answer-a procedure to inform participants about the true nature of an
experiment after its completion
Ethics - Answer-rules of proper and acceptable conduct that investigators use to guide
psychological research
Ethnocentrism - Answer-tendency to believe that one's own group is the standard, the
reference point by which other people and groups should be judged
Case study - Answer-a highly detailed description of a single individual or a vent
Ex post facto study - Answer-describes differences between groups of participants that
differ naturally on a variable such as race or gender
Naturalistic observation - Answer-observing and recording behavior naturally without
trying to manipulate and control the situation
Correlational research - Answer-establish the relationship between two variables
Survey research - Answer-the measurement of public opinion through the use of
sampling and questioning
Experimenter bias - Answer-expectation of the person conducting an experiment which
may be affect the outcome
,Observer bias - Answer-expectations of an observer which may distort an authentic
observation
Response bias - Answer-preconceived notions of a person answering [a survey] which
may alter the experiments purpose
Informed consent - Answer-the agreement of participants to take part in an experiment
and their acknowledgement that they understand the nature of their participation in the
research, and have been fully informed about the general nature of the research, its
goals, and methods
Normal distribution - Answer-approximate distribution of scores expected when a
sample is taken from a large population, drawn as a frequency polygon that often takes
the form of a bell-shaped curve, called the normal curve
Placebo - Answer-typically a pill that is used as a control in the experiment; a sugar pill
Pseudoscience - Answer-an unscientific system which pretends to discover
psychological information that his means are unscientific or deliberately fraudulent
Representative sample - Answer-selection of a part of the population which mirrors the
current demographics
Significant difference - Answer-in an experiment, a difference that is unlikely to have
occurred because of chance alone and is inferred to be most likely due to the
systematic manipulations of variables by the researcher
Self-fulfilling prophecy - Answer-when a researcher's expectations unknowingly create a
situation that affects the results
Statistics - Answer-branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, classifying, and
analyzing data
Descriptive statistics - Answer-general set of procedures used to summarize, condense,
and describe sets of data
Frequency distribution - Answer-a chart or array of scores, usually arranged from
highest to lowest, showing the number of instances for each score
Frequency polygon - Answer-graph of a frequency distribution that shows the number of
instances of obtained scores, usually with the data points connect by straight lines
Measure of central tendency - Answer-a descriptive statistic that tells which result or
score best represents an entire set of scores
,Mean - Answer-the arithmetic average of a set of scores
Median - Answer-the measure of central tendency that is the data point with 50% of the
scores above it and 50% below it
Mode - Answer-the most frequently occurring score in a set of data
Range - Answer-the spread between the highest and the lowest scores in a distribution
Correlation coefficient - Answer-a number that expresses the degree and direction of
the relationship between 2 variables, ranging from -1 to +1
Inferential statistics - Answer-procedures used to draw conclusions about larger
populations from small samples of data
Normal distribution - Answer-approximate distribution of scores expected when a
sample is taken from a large population, drawn as a frequency polygon that often takes
the form of a bell-shaped curve, called the normal curve
Standard deviation - Answer-a descriptive statistic that measures the variability of data
from the mean of the sample
Variability - Answer-the extent to which scores differ from one another
Structuralism - Answer-school of psychological thought that considered the structure
and elements of conscious experience to be the proper subject matter of psychology
Introspection - Answer-a person's description and analysis of what he or she is thinking
and feeling or what he or she has just thought about
Functionalism - Answer-school of psychological thought that was concerned with how
and why the conscious mind works
Psychoanalytic - Answer-perspective developed by freud, which assumes that
psychological problems are the result of anxiety resulting from unresolved conflicts and
forces of which a person might be unaware
Gestalt psychology - Answer-school of psychological thought that argued that behavior
cannot be studied in parts but must be viewed a s whole
Behaviorism - Answer-perspective that defines psychology as the study of behavior that
is directly observable or through assessment instruments
Cognitive psychology - Answer-perspective that focuses on the mental processes
involved in perception, learning, memory, and thinking
, Humanistic psychology - Answer-perspective that emphasizes the uniqueness of the
individual and the idea that humans have free will
Self-actualization - Answer-the human need to fulfill one's potential
Sociocultural psychology - Answer-perspective concerned with how cultural differences
affect behavior
Evolutionary psychology - Answer-perspective that seeks to explain and predict
behaviors by analyzing how the human brain developed over time, how it functions, and
how input from the environment affects human behaviors
Positive psychology - Answer-in emerging Theo psychology that focuses on positive
experiences; includes subjective well-being, self-determination, the relationship
between positive emotions and physical health, and the factors that allow individuals,
communities, and societies to boorish
Psychologist - Answer-professional who studies behavior and uses behavioral principles
in scientific research or in applied settings
Clinical psychologist - Answer-psychologist who treats people serious psychological
problems or conducts research into the causes of behavior
Counseling psychologist - Answer-psychologist who treats people with adjustment
problems
Psychiatrist - Answer-a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment
of mental disorders
Psychoanalyst - Answer-one who uses psychoanalysis to treat psychological problems
Developmental psychologist - Answer-studies psychological development across the
lifespan
Educational psychologist - Answer-focuses on how effective teaching and learning take
place
Engineering psychologist - Answer-does research on how people function best with
machines
Forensic psychologist - Answer-applies psychological concepts to legal issues
Health psychologist - Answer-focuses on psychological factors in illness
Industrial/organizational psychologist - Answer-applies psychological principles to the
workplace to improve productivity and the quality of work life
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