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EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Survey Research - Answer-A research study that uses the survey observational
technique to measure behavior.
Independent Variable - Answer-A variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the
researcher such that the levels of the variable change across or within subjects in the
experiment.
Small-n Design - Answer-An experiment conducted with one or a few participants to
better understand the behavior of those individuals.
Quasi-Independent/Subject Variable - Answer-Variable that allows comparison of
groups of participants without manipulation (Random Assignment).
Predictor Variable - Answer-The dependent variable in a correlational study that is used
to predict the score on another variable.
Scatterplot - Answer-A graph showing the relationship between two dependent
variables for a group of individuals.
Third-Variable Problem - Answer-The presence of extraneous factors in a study that
affect the dependent variable and can decrease the internal validity of the study.
Operational Definition - Answer-The definition of an abstract concept used by a
researcher to measure or manipulate the concept in a research study.
Control Group - Answer-The group of participants in an experiment who do not
experience the treatment level of the independent variable.
Institutional Review Board (IRB) - Answer-A committee of knowledgeable individuals
who oversee the ethics of research with human participants conducted at an institution.
Empiricism - Answer-Gaining knowledge through systematic observation of the world.
Applied Research - Answer-Research conducted with the goal of solving everyday
problems.
Confirmation Bias - Answer-Seeking only evidence that supports our beliefs and
ignoring evidence that contradicts those beliefs.
Causal Research Qustion - Answer-A research question that asks what causes specific
behaviors to occur.
, Reliability - Answer-The degree to which the results of a study can be replicated under
similar conditions.
Interrater Reliability - Answer-A measure of the degree too which different observers
rate behaviors in different ways.
Variable - Answer-An attribute that can vary across individuals.
Bivalent Independent Variable - Answer-An independent variable with only two levels.
Experimenter Bias - Answer-A source of bias in a study created when a researcher
treats groups differently based on knowledge of the hypothesis.
Within-Subjects Variable - Answer-Each participant experiences all levels of the
variable.
Hawthorn Effect - Answer-A source of bias that can occur in a study due to participants
changing their behavior because they are aware that they are being observed.
Field Experiment - Answer-An experiment conducted in the participants' natural
environment.
Single-Blind Design - Answer-Procedure used to hide the group assignment from the
participants in a study to prevent their beliefs about the effectiveness of a treatment
from affecting the results.
Between-Subjects Variable - Answer-Each participant experiences only one level of the
independent variable.
Demand Characteristic - Answer-A source of bias that can occur in a study due to
participants changing their behavior based on their perception of the study and its
purpose.
Placebo - Answer-A sugar pill given to the control group in a drug study to allow all
groups to believe that they are receiving a treatment.
Double-Blind Study - Answer-A procedure used to control for experimenter bias by
keeping the knowledge of the group assignments from both the participants and the
researchers who interact with the participants.
Multivalent Variable - Answer-An independent variable that includes three or more
levels.
Construct Validity - Answer-Indicates that a survey measures the behavior it is designed
to measure.
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