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IB PSYCHOLOGY EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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IB PSYCHOLOGY EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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IB PSYCHOLOGY EXAM PREPQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Clive Wearing, Sacks (2007) - Answer-Description:
-Damaged hippocampus.
-Caused retrograde amnesia.
-LTM damage: He can remember things 12 years before the accident.
-Memory lasts 7-30 seconds
Conclusions:
-LTM and STM stored in different places.
-Highlights interaction between cognition and physiology.
Maguire et al. (2000) - Answer-A: -Investigate the function of Hippocampus in spacial
memory.
M: -Group of right handed male taxi drivers and control group of right
handed men.
-Participants and controls were scanned with the same MRI machine.
-The amount and density of the grey matter in the hippocampus
examined.
R: -Taxi drivers have a significantly larger hippocampus.
-The volume of the hippocampus correlates with the amount of time as
a taxi driver.
C: -MRI can be used to detect the active areas of the brain.
Bartlett (1932) - Answer-A: -Prove that memory is reconstructive and schemas influence
recall.
-Demonstrate role of culture in schema processing.
M: -Participants were European Americans and Native Americans.
-Bartlett ask participants to read a Native American folk story
twice.
-Then asked them to recite reproduce the story 15 minutes
after reading.
-No participants knew the aim and purpose of the task.
R: -Native American participants found it easier to reproduce the
story.
-European American version of the story left out or replaced
details related to Native American Culture
-e.g. Canoe -> Boat.
-European Americans filled in the gaps in their memory with
their own cultural schema.
C: -People reconstruct the past by trying to fit it into existing
schemas.
-More complex the information, the more likely elements are
forgotten/distorted.
, -People try to find a familiar pattern in experiences, past or
new.
-People uses existing schemas to fill in the gaps of their
memory, subconsciously.
-Memory, according to Bartlett, is an imaginative
reconstruction of experience.
Loftus and Palmer (1974) - Answer-A: -To prove the unreliability of memory.
M: -45 students were shown videos of car crashes.
-They were then asked a series of questions about the
specifics of the car crashes.
-The critical question was "About how fast was the cars going
when they hit each other?"
-The verb "hit" was replaced with "Smashed", "Collided",
"Bump" and "Contacted" for different participants.
R: -Those who were asked with "Smashed" averaged the mean
speed of 40.8 mph.
-Those who were asked with "Contacted" averaged the mean
speed of 31.8 mph.
C: -The phrasing of the question brought a change in speed
eliminated.
-Due to schema activated by the chose verb.
-Shows schema can affect memory.
-Shows the unreliability of reconstructive memory.
Montague (2004) - Answer-A: -Investigate cognition of consumers' preferences.
M: -Invited 70 participants to a blind taste test of Pepsi and
Coca-Cola.
-Participants were asked to rate the two after the blind test.
-They were then placed into the fMRI machine for scanning
their brain activity.
R: -Pepsi was by far the most preferred drink in the blind test.
-The Ventral Putamen, part of the brain's pleasure center, lit
up more in the fMRI scans when tasting Pepsi.
C: -Findings do not match with the general public's preference of
Coca-Cola over Pepsi.
-fMRI scans (neuroplasticity technology) can be used for
identifying consumer preferences.
Anderson and Pichert (1978) - Answer-A: -Investigate if schema processing influences
both encoding
and retrieval.
M: -Participants listened to a story about a house that was left
empty on thursdays.
-Half the participants were asked to read the story from a
House-buyer point of view.
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