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INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM (CH. 1-5) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM (CH. 1-5) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONALPSYCHOLOGY EXAM (CH. 1-5)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Science - Answer-The process for generating a body of knowledge, a logic of inquiry
Theory Building - Answer-The process of describing, explaining, and predicting
phenomena to help develop a hypothesis and predict a specific research question
Parsimony - Answer-The word that describes the simplicity of a good theory
Precision - Answer-The word that describes how a good theory is specific and accurate
Testability - Answer-The word that describes how a good theory is verifiable by
experimentation
Usefulness - Answer-The word that describes how a good theory is practical
Generability - Answer-The word that describes how a good theory stimulates further
research
Induction - Answer-The process of moving from data to theory, in which data is
collected and then analyzed to produce a theory
Deduction - Answer-The process of moving from theory to data, in which we start with a
theory, collect data to verify it, and then revise our theory as needed
Cyclical Inductive-Deductive Model of Research - Answer-A combination of Induction
and Deduction, the best approach for generating theories
Causal inferences - Answer-The major goal of I/O Psychology is to draw these, which
are the causal relationship between two variables
Internal Validity - Answer-The idea that X equals Y, we increase this in studies by
controlling for extraneous variables that could alter results
External Validity - Answer-How generalizable is our theory to other places/ time/
people? Increasing this decreases internal validity and vice versa
Predictor - Answer-The independent variable that is manipulated by the researcher
Criterion - Answer-The dependent variable that is the variable of interest assessed by
the study
, Extraneous variable - Answer-Any other variable that may impact the dependent
variable, contaminating the results of the study
Trade-off - Answer-This is the result of sacrificing Internal for External validity and vice
versa
Experimental - Answer-One of the two major categories of data collection involving
manipulating variables to draw causal inferences
Observational - Answer-One of the two major categories of data collection involving
drawing data without manipulating variables
Laboratory Experiments - Answer-Manipulation of variables in a contrived setting (lab)
that trades external validity for high internal validity
Random Assignment - Answer-When each participant in a study is equally likely to be
assigned to any group
Manipulation - Answer-Control of the independent and extraneous variables in a study
Field Experiments - Answer-Experimental designs that take advantage of realism by
using random assignment and manipulation within a real setting
Quasi-Experiments - Answer-An experimental design that is essentially a field
experiment without the random assignment, a popular technique in I/O Psychology
because in most organizations it's unrealistic to expect to be able to randomly assign
people
Naturalistic Observation - Answer-The observation of someone/something in its natural
environment
Participant Observation - Answer-A method of naturalistic observation in which the
observer attempts to blend completely with those to be observed
Unobtrusive Observation - Answer-A method of naturalistic observation in which the
observed tries to observe objectively and unobtrusively without fully blending in
Case Studies - Answer-A examination of a single individual, group, organization, or
company
Archival Research - Answer-Relying on secondary data sets collected by other people
to generate theories
Cross-Sectional - Answer-A type of archival research that studies many subjects from
one point in time
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