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PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM #1QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Theory - Answer-Systematic way of organizing and explaining observations
Variable - Answer-changes across circumstance or varies among individuals
Hypothesis - Answer-a tentative belief or guess predicting or explaining the relationship
between 2 or more variables
Continuous Variable - Answer-a variable rated from none to much (amount of variable)
Categorical Variable - Answer-a variable rated in groups or categories (definite answers
like man/woman)
Standardized Procedure - Answer-doing the same thing with each participant in the
same way (e.g. how the procedure is explained)
Population - Answer-the group you want to be able to generalize to
Sample - Answer-the group participating in the experiment
Generalizability - Answer-how much the findings apply to your population
Internal Validity - Answer-the methods are valid
External Validity - Answer-generalizable outside of the lab
Measure - Answer-a concrete way of assessing a variable
Reliability - Answer-produces consistent results
Test-Retest Reliability - Answer-being able to test the participants again over time and
getting the same results
Internal Consistency (or reliability) - Answer-do all of the items in a test measure the
same thing
Interrater Reliability - Answer-do different people rate the behaviors in the same way
Face Validity - Answer-does it look like it measures what it says it measures (sometimes
psychologists want this to be low)
Construct Validity - Answer-does it measure what it is supposed to
, Criterion Validity - Answer-does it relate to other measures like it should
Error - Answer-the part of a score that is unrelated to the person's true score (some
people are more inclined in certain things that could affect the experiment)
Descriptive Research types - Answer-Case Studies, Naturalistic Observation, Survey
Research and Correlational
Case Study - Answer-in depth observation of a small group of participants (useful at
beginning or end of a series of quantitative series)
Drawbacks to Case Studies - Answer-small sample, not very generalizable, researcher
bias
Naturalistic Observation - Answer-in depth observation in the participant's natural
setting, the researcher can be a covert participant or observer
Drawbacks to Naturalistic Observation - Answer-researcher bias, only descriptive so we
can't know what causes what
Survey Research - Answer-large sample, uses interviews and questionnaires, focused
on an attitude or behavior
Random Sample - Answer-random people from your sample
Stratified Random Sample - Answer-decides how many people from each subgroup of
the population there should be
Drawbacks of Survey Research - Answer-participants have to report truthfully and
accurately
Hawthorne Effect - Answer-change in behavior because of the attention of being studied
Mean - Answer-average of scores
Median - Answer-middle score
Mode - Answer-most common score
Range - Answer-lowest to highest score
Standard Deviation - Answer-amount that the average participant differs from the mean
Correlation - Answer-one number that shows the relationship between two variables
(what happens to a variable as the other changes
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