Community Health - Exam 1 Questions and Answers
What is a population? (5)
1. Larger group or aggregate
2. Members may or may not interact with one another
3. Shares at least one similar characteristic/issue
4. Can focus on a specific age group, gender, or health issue
5. People who form a pop...
Community Health - Exam 1 Questions
and Answers
What is a population? (5) - answer 1. Larger group or aggregate
2. Members may or may not interact with one another
3. Shares at least one similar characteristic/issue
4. Can focus on a specific age group, gender, or health issue
5. *People who form a population may not recognize themselves as part of this
population.* ex: people with type 2 diabetes admitted into the hospital
What is a community? - answer group of individuals living within the same
geographical area, or a group of individuals who share a common denominator.
in contrast to a population, *individuals within the community recognize their
membership based on social interaction*
The determinants of health are factors that influence the: - answer health of
individuals, families, and populations
3 core functions of public health - answer 1. assessment
2. policy development
3. assurance
Core function: Assessment - answer Systematic data collection, analysis, and
monitoring of health problems and needs in a population
Includes *monitoring the population's health status* and providing/ disseminating
information about the health of the community
ex: participate in & provide leadership for:
-Assessing community needs, health status of populations within the community, and
environmental and behavioral risks
-look at trends in the health determinants
-identify priority health needs
-determine adequacy of resources within the community
-engage in policy development efforts
Core function: policy development - answer Using scientific knowledge to develop
comprehensive public health policies. *Developing policies that support the health of the
population* through leadership and research
-Seeks to build constituencies that can help bring about change in public policy
,ex:
1. Development of Healthy People 2020 state objectives
2. National effort to control acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
3. Anti-smoking ordinances
Core function: assurance - answer -Assuring constituents that public health agencies
provide the services necessary to achieve agreed-upon goals
-*Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available*
-Includes providing essential personal health services for individuals as well as a
competent PH workforce
ex:
1. Focuses on the responsibility of public health agencies to make certain that activities
have been appropriately carried out to meet public health goals and plans
2. Includes the development of partnerships between public and private agencies
Purpose of the 10 essential public health services - answer describes *what the the
public health system does to protect & promote the health of the public*. interventions
are the means through which public health practitioners implement the 10 essential
services
10 essential PH services - answer ASSESSMENT:
1. *Monitor* health status to identify community health problems.
2. *Diagnose and investigate* health problems and health hazards in the community.
3. *Inform, educate, and empower* people about health issues.
4. *Mobilize* community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems.
5. *Develop policies and plans* that support individual and community health efforts.
ASSURANCE:
6. *Enforce laws and regulations* that protect health and ensure safety.
7. *Link* people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health
care when otherwise unavailable.
8. *Assure* competent public and personal health care workforce.
9. *Evaluate* effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based
health services.
SERVING ALL FUNCTIONS:
10. *Research* for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
Emerging framework: Social-Ecological model - answer *uses an upstream
approach*
1. There are multiple determinants of health
2. Population and environmental approach are critical
, 3. Links and relationships between levels are crucial
4. Multiple strategies by many sectors are needed to achieve desired outcomes
5. Includes physical & social environmental factors
Upstream determinants of health include: - answer Social relations, neighborhoods
and communities, institutions, and social and economic policies
Emerging framework: The conventional model uses a ________ approach - answer
downstream
downstream approach focuses on *biological and behavioral bases* for disease
Healthy people provides science-based, 10 yr national objectives for - answer
improving the health of Americans
For 3 decades, Healthy People has established benchmarks and monitored progress
over time in order to: (3) - answer 1. Encourage collaborations across sectors.
2. Guide individuals toward making informed health decisions.
3. Measure the impact of prevention activities.
Healthy people 2020 vision - answer A society in which all people live long, healthy
lives.
Healthy people 2020 mission (5) - answer 1. Identify nationwide health improvement
priorities.
2. Increase public awareness and understanding of the determinants of health, disease,
and disability and the opportunities for progress.
3. Provide measurable objectives and goals that are applicable at the national, State,
and local levels.
4. Engage multiple sectors to take actions to strengthen policies and improve practices
that are driven by the best available evidence and knowledge.
5. Identify critical research, evaluation, and data collection needs.
Healthy people 2020 4 goals overall - answer 1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free
of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
How do you use healthy people 2020? - answer Healthy People 2020 is organized
into 39 topic areas with objectives, and others are evolving (including Lesbian, Gay,
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