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MEA 200 Exam I Study Guide Question and answers 100% correct

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MEA 200 Exam I Study Guide Question and answers 100% correct Define or Explain the Earth's Core, Mantle, and Crust ... What is the Lithosphere? The earth's crust and solid portion of the upper mantle What concept is central to the theory of global plate tectonics? The fact that t...

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MEA 200 Exam I Study Guide Question
and answers 100% correct
Define or Explain the Earth's Core, Mantle, and Crust
...




What is the Lithosphere?
The earth's crust and solid portion of the upper mantle




What concept is central to the theory of global plate tectonics?
The fact that the lithosphere is broken up into numerous oceanic and
continental plates. Continental plates (made mostly of granite) "float" on top of
a more dense basaltic lithosphere according to the principle of isostasy.




Global plate tectonics is a theory that integrates what two important concepts?
Continental Drift and Seafloor Spreading




Explain the principle of Isostasy.
Density of rocks determines the Isostatic equilibrium--> in which less dense
material will find a state of equilibrium on top of more dense material.

,Define/Explain: Asthenosphere
Deformable plastic portion of the upper mantle




Briefly explain the basic model of the theory of global plate tectonics.
Massive convection currents in asthenosphere rise at ridgelines.


Deformable asthenosphere expands, turns aside when it reaches the
lithosphere


Lifts and cracks the crust, forms the edges of new plate.


New plates slide down ridges and diverge horizontally on both sides of, AND
away from the ridge line.


Continued motion being provided by the horizontal convection currents.


Convection currents descend at subduction zone


One plate pulled below the other, back into asthenosphere


Old seafloor destroyed, convective loop is closed.




Who first used a computer and magnetic orientation of rocks over time to
construct a best fit of various continental coastlines (Pangea) in 1965?
Sir Edward Bullard

,Define/Explain: Subduction (Subduction Zone) and how it relates to both plate
tectonics AND seafloor spreading.
PROCESS BY WHICH OLD SEAFLOOR IS DESTROYED!!


Plate Tectonics:


The process that takes place at convergent boundaries by which one
lithospheric plate moves under another plate and sinks into the mantle as the
plates converge.


When two oceanic plates collide, the younger of the two plates, because it is
less dense,* will ride over the edge of the older plate, creating a trench.


Descending crust and sediments are heated and melt, producing andesite
magma (density between basalt and granite). This magma descends through
the oceanic or continental lithosphere and produces andesite volcanoes or
mountains, respectively.


Terranes are fragments of rock, sediments, inactive seamounts/oceanic
ridges that may be rafted along on a plate and scraped of at the subduction
zone in a process called OBDUCTION which helps build continental land
mass at the subduction zone.


A seismic signal is created. When these foci are plotted a subduction angle of
45 degrees to a depth of at least 750 km is revealed.




What are the four things that support the theory of continental drift?

, Fit of Continents (Pangea)


Continental Geology (Topography, Fossils)


Glaciation (India, Africa, South America)


Geomagnetism (Dip Angle)




Explain how evidence of glaciation in India, South America, and Africa
supports the theory of Continental Drift.
grooves carved in rock by glaciers suggest a direction of movement from the
sea onto the South American continent, an impossibility unless South America
and Africa were:


1. joined along the Atlantic coastlines
2. located near the South Pole




What are magnetites and how are they used to support the theory of
continental drift?
Magnetites are iron oxide contained in igneous rock when the rock is being
formed and still in a molten state, the magnetites are aligned based on the
magnetic polarity at the time.


Can be used to determine the location of the magnetic pole at the time the
rock was formed.

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