Test Bank
Foundations of Mental Health Care
8th Edition by Morrison-Valfre
,Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care
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1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul
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controlled the irrational soulcould be compared with the belief ofthe m
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ore recent psychological theorist:
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a. Freud.
b. Pinel.
c. Fisher.
d. Rush.
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Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the per
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sonality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need ofmedic
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al assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared for the mentally ill, and Dr. Benja
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min Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension JN JN OBJ: 2 JN
TOP: Early Years of Mental Health
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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2. During the mid- JN JN
1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded byprofessionals. Thi
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s practice led to
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a. classifications
b. diagnosing
c. treatment
d. education
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Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accuratere
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cording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding mental
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health disorders were not available during this period.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge JN JN
OBJ: 3TOP: Mental Illness During the Rena JN N
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issance
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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,3. During the latter part of the 18th century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine, andin
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humane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director:
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a. Dix.
b. Beers.
c. Pinel.
d. Carter.
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Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Dixcrusa
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ded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That Found Itsel
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f. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in1978.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge JN JN OBJ: 4 JN
TOP: Mental Illness in the 18th Century
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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4. In 1841,
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surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United States, Canada, and Scotland and is cre
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dited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the care ofthe mentally ill.
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a. Sigmund Freud JN
b. John Cade JN
c. Florence Nightingale JN
d. Dorothea Dix JN
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Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is creditedwith m
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ajor changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of psychoanalysis, Joh
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n Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and Florence Nightingale train
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ed nurses in England in the 1800s.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge JN JN OBJ: 4 JN
TOP: Mental Illness in the 19th Century
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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5. As a direct result of Clifford Beers’ work and book, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee forM
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ental Hygiene was formed in 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
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a. early detection of symptoms of mental illness. JN JN JN JN JN JN
b. education of caregivers. JN JN
c. current treatment options. JN JN
d. removing the stigma attached to mental illness. JN JN JN JN JN JN
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Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received forthe
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next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people throughout the
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country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a mental illness.
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Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options regarding mentalillne
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ss were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge JN JN OBJ: 4 JN
, TOP: J N Mental Illness in the 20th Century JN JN JN JN JN
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment JN JN JN JN N
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma thatco
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uld last as long as 50 hours?
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a. Electroconvulsive therapy JN
b. Insulin therapy JN
c. Humoral therapy JN
d. Amphetamine therapy JN
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Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines were
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used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression. Humoraltherapy
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, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness resulted from an imbalan
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ce of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge JN JN
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental H JN JN J N JN JN JN JN JN
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used totre
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at?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar disorder JN
c. Severe depression JN
d. Violent behavior JN
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ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period, schizop
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hrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. In1949, lithium c
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arbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge JN JN
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental H JN JN J N JN JN JN JN JN
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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8. In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Whichde
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scription of this procedure is accurate? JN JN JN JN JN
a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain.
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b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid.
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c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus.
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d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.
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ANS: C JN
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from thetha
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lamus.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge JN JN
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental H JN JN J N JN JN JN JN JN
ealth Therapies JN
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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