, TEST BANK FOR
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: Introduction HY HY
MULTIPLE CHOICE HY
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
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a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
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c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
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e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes HY HY HY HY Y
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ANS: B HY
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in which
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when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease b
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y preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger tha
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n the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes for
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buying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational diabete
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s after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
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2. This historic character observed that childbed fever mortality was more common among
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women treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated by midw
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ives. Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in adecre
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ase in mortality. Name the character that we are talking about.
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a. John Snow HY
b. Edward Jenner HY
c. D.A. Henderson HY
d. Leon Gordis HY
e. Ignaz Semmelweis HY Y
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ANS: E HY
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease by
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not washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting multiple examin
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ations in the clinic. HY HY HY
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated later
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by efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
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a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
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ANS: B HY
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796 against
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smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned
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D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
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4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases
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has been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the observed decline
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in mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
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a. Development of penicillin HY HY
b. Development of insulin HY HY
c. Development of vaccines HY HY
d. Improvement in social conditions HY HY HY
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water HY HY HY HY Y
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ANS: D HY
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
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advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include better
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sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing conditions.
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Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission HY HY HY HY HY HY
Test Bank MULTIPL
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E CHOICE
HY
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a co
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mmunity or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-
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related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary of Epide
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miology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
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a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate HY
e. Incubation period HY Y
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ANS: B HY
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-
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related events in a community or region, in clear excess of normal expectation. Endemic is n
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ot true because it is defined as the constant occurrence of a disease, disorder, or noxious infe
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ctious agent in a geographic area or population group. Pandemic is not true because it is defi
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ned as an epidemic occurring over avery wide area, crossing international boundaries, and u
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sually affecting a large number of
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Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved
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.
, Test Bank HY 1-3
people. Attack rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at risk in whom a c
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ertain illness develops over total number of people at risk. Incubation period is not true bec
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ause it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (theons
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et of recognizable symptoms).
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2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
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a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
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b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of
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recognizable symptoms) HY
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
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d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
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e. The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness
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ANS: B HY
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset
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of clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between the
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moment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent. “The ti
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me of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as it corresp
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onds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as itcorresp
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onds to “time of infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or ex
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cretion of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness” are
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not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is focusing on the onset of
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infectiousness, but the incubation period is focusing on the onset of the symptom.) HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY HY
3. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Conferen
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ce. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers to h
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ost attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference. Except for 50 pe
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ople who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food from the luncheo
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n at the conference on April 1, 2018. Based only on the information given inthis question, ho
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w many people are at risk in this food poisoning outbreak?
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a. 1,000
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b. 1,100 HY
c. 1,150
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d. 150 HY
e. 50 A
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NS: B HY
People at risk in this outbreak are people who were exposed to the food at the conference. Ev
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en though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food did not eatthe
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food. Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
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4. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Confere
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nce. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers t
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o host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.Except for 5
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0 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
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Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved
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