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MCAT Biology (Princeton Review) 2 2025 Latest study set with Questions and simplified Answers
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MCAT Biology (Princeton Review) 2 2025 Latest study set with Questions and simplified Answers
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MCAT Biology (Princeton Review) 2 2025Latest study set with Questions and
simplified Answers
Maltose - correct answer-Glucose + Glucose
Sucrose - correct answer-Glucose + Fructose
Lactose - correct answer-Glucose + Galactose
Glycogen - correct answer-Animal glucose storage
Starch - correct answer-Plant glucose storage
Cellulose - correct answer-Plant structure
Saturated Fatty Acids - correct answer--Single bonds
-Solid at room temp.
Unsaturated Fatty Acids - correct answer--Double bonds
-Liquid at room temp.
Terepenes - correct answer-Built from multiple isoprene units
Cholesterol - correct answer--In cell membrane
-Steroid precursor
-Bile salts
Catalysts - correct answer--Stabilize the transition states
-Reduce the activation energy
Competitive Inhibition - correct answer--Binds at active site
-No change in Vmax
-Increases Km
Non-Competitive Inhibition - correct answer--Binds at allosteric site
-Decreases Vmax
-No change in Km
Uncompetitive Inhibition - correct answer--Binds at allosteric site of ES complex
-Decreases Vmax
-Decreases Km
,Mixed Inhibition - correct answer--Binds at allosteric site of E along or ES complex
-Decreases Vmax
-Varied effects on Km
Glycolysis - correct answer--Occurs in the cytosol
-O2 in not needed
PCD/Krebs Cycle - correct answer--Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
-O2 is indirectly needed
Electron Transport Chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation - correct answer--Occurs in the mitochondrial inner
membrane
-O2 is directly needed
Fermentation - correct answer-Pyruvate --> Ethanol (yeast) or Lactic Acid (muscle)
Glycogenesis - correct answer--High blood glucose
-Insulin produced
-Glucose converted to glycogen
-Stored in liver and lesser extent in muscle
Glycogenolysis - correct answer--Low blood glucose
-Glucagon produced
-Glycogen converted to glucose in the liver
Pentose Phosphate Pathway - correct answer--Produces NADPH
-Reducing power
-Fatty acid synthesis
-Eliminate reactive oxygen species
-Ribose-5 phosphate --> nucleotide synthesis
Fatty Acid Oxidation - correct answer--Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
-Linked to acetyl-CoA
-Conezymes used are FAD and NAD+
-2 ATP input makes lots of energy
Fatty Acid Synthesis - correct answer--Occurs in the cytosol
-Starting Materials: acetyl-coA and malonyl-CoA
, -Coenzyme used is NADPH
-Requires a lot of energy
Ketogenesis - correct answer--During long term starvation
-Blood glucose is low
-Fatty acids oxidized increase levels of acetyl CoA
-Acetyl CoAs react together to form ketone bodies
-Ketone bodies enter the brain and are reconverted to acetyl-CoA (primary source of energy for the brain
during starvation)
Pyrimidines - correct answer--Cystosine
-Thymine
-Uracil
Pyramids are sharp so they "CUT" you
Purines - correct answer--Adenine
-Guanine
AG (silver) is "pure"
A-T Base Pairing - correct answer-2 hydrogen bonds
G-C Base Pairing - correct answer-3 hydrogen bonds
DNA Gyrase - correct answer-Helps prevent supercoiling in prokaryotes
Heterochromatin - correct answer-Inactive, tightly bound
Euchromatin - correct answer-Active, loosely bound
Centromere - correct answer--Region on chromosome (in the middle)
-Mitotic spindle attaches here
-Holds replicated DNA together during mitosis
Central Dogma - correct answer-DNA replication --> Transcription into RNA --> Translation into proteins
Start Codon - correct answer--AUG = Methionine
Stop Codons - correct answer--UAA (you are annoying)
-UGA (you go away)
-UAG (you are gross)
Human Genome - correct answer--46 chromosomes
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