BIOS 251/ BIOS 251 EXAM 2: (NEW
2025/ 2026 UPDATE) ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY I REVIEW| QS & AS| GRADE A|
100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS)-
CHAMBERLAIN
Network of protein filaments that aid in intracellular support, cell
movement, and moves organelles. - ANS ✓Cytoskeleton
The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
Composed of plasma (cell membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleus, and
cytoskeleton - ANS ✓Cells
Clear gel within the cell sometimes referred to as intracellular fluid (ICF) -
ANS ✓Cytosol
All the fluid and components between the nucleus and the cell membrane;
includes the cytosol as well as the cytoskeleton - ANS ✓Cytoplasm
Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and
leaves the cell; also provides protection for cells. - ANS ✓Cell membrane
(plasma membrane)
Plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged
with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.
Contains Transmembrane proteins, Peripheral proteins, Cholesterol, and
sugar (glycolipids and glycoproteins) - ANS ✓Phospholipid Bilayer
Integral proteins in the cell membrane, that extends all the way through the
membrane touching both the ICF and ECF - ANS ✓Transmembrane Proteins
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The proteins of a membrane that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer;
they are appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane. - ANS
✓Peripheral Protein
Holds phospholipids still and can stiffen membrane - ANS ✓Cholesterol
Does not use ATP as an energy source, occurs from high to low
concentration.
Includes: Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. - ANS ✓Passive
Transport
Moves along concentration gradient, from higher to lower concentration -
ANS ✓Simple Diffusion
The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a
concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins - ANS ✓Facilitated
Diffusion
Movement of water across semipermeable membrane from low solute
concentration to high solute concentration - ANS ✓Osmosis
Solutions have high ECF osmolarity, water moves out of cell, cell shrinks -
ANS ✓Hypertonicity
Solutions have same osmolarity, no net movement of water in or out of cell -
ANS ✓Isotonicity
Solutions have low ECF osmolarity, water moves into the cell causing
swelling and potential bursting - ANS ✓Hypotonicity
What tonicity are most intravenous (IV) solutions? - ANS ✓Isotonic Solution
Utilizes energy to move substances against the concentration gradient;
from lower to higher concentration
Depends on factors: ATP, Membrane proteins, Concentration of molecules,
Membrane potentials - ANS ✓Active Transport
Movement of material that is due to the electrochemical gradient
established by primary active transport - ANS ✓Secondary Active Transport
BIOS251
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