BIOS 255 Final Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2025 (Already Passed)
What makes up formed elements? - Answers erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
What makes up the plasma portion of blood? - Answers Plasma is 55% of volume
-Albumins- 54%Most abundant- osmostic pressure
-Globul...
What makes up formed elements? - Answers erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
What makes up the plasma portion of blood? - Answers Plasma is 55% of volume
-Albumins- 54%Most abundant- osmostic pressure
-Globulins- 38%-immune
-Fibringens- 7%- clotting
What types of substances are transported by the blood? - Answers Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Hormones
Heat
Waste
Nutrients
How does the blood protect against excessive loss and infection? - Answers Immune Response
-macrophages
-globulins
Blood Clotting
-fibrinogen
-Hemostasis
Against Disease
-Antibodies
-Interferons
-Complement system
What is the longevity of lymphocytes, as compared to other blood cells? - Answers They can live several
months to years but most live for few days
What is hemopoiesis? - Answers Production of ALL blood cells
, What does pluripotent mean? - Answers Ability of a stem cell to develop into many different cell types
Describe the characteristics of hemoglobin - Answers -Protein carries oxygen to tissue and approx. 20%
of carbon dioxide
-Each hemoglobin molecule can carry 4 heme(iron) so they bind to 4 oxygen molecules
-nitric acid can bind to them which triggers vasodilation, increase blood flow
What is vasodilation? - Answers dilation(widening) of blood vessels
Describe the characteristics of red blood cells - Answers Transport O2 & CO2
-no nucleus
-no organelles
-Biconcave disc
-live for days to weeks
Discuss the relationship of hemoglobin to nitric oxide? - Answers nitric oxide can bind to the hemoglobin
molecule which triggers vasoldilation. Increases blood flow, but decreases pressure
What is the importance of carbonic anhydrase? - Answers Present in RBC. Aids in conversion of carbon
dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions --> reaches lungs to help convert bicarbonate ions back to
carbon dioxide
How long do red blood cells live? what happens to dead cells? - Answers Can live for days/weeks
-Dead RBC go to liver/spleen -> macrophages break down (recycle) -> heme and globulins -> Iron (from
heme) and Amino Acids
What is erythropoiesis? where does it take place? - Answers Production of Red Blood Cells
-Occurs in red bone marrow
What are reticulocytes? - Answers Newly produced, relatively immature red blood cells
What is erythropoietin? - Answers a hormone released by kidneys in response to hypoxia ( low O2
levels) to stimulate erythropoiesis
What are the characteristics of leukocytes? - Answers WBC
-Has nucleus
-Has organelles
-no hemoglobins
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