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ANT2100 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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ANT2100 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Pass archaeological culture - - Subdivision of culture areas are called "traditions" or archaeological cultures - archaeological cultures are not ethnographic cultures - spatial patterning in material cultures defines archaeological cultures - usually ...

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  • January 8, 2025
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ANT2100 Exam 2 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass

archaeological culture - ✔✔- Subdivision of culture areas are called "traditions" or archaeological cultures


- archaeological cultures are not ethnographic cultures


- spatial patterning in material cultures defines archaeological cultures


- usually use the same materials


- multiple different groups of people would have lived here


- by seeking out clusters of temporal types, we construct site components


- record change over space


archaic period - ✔✔- 8,000 - 1,000 B.C.


- a time when people made heavier use of plant foods, began to develop distinctive regional traditions in

material culture, and experimented with agricultural crops (i.e. maize)


assemblage - ✔✔- a collection of artifacts of one or several classes of materials (stone tools, ceramic,

bones) that comes from a defined context, such as a site, feature or stratum


- collections of artifacts recovered from some unit of provenience


attribute - ✔✔- an individual characteristic that distinguishes one artifact from another on the basis of its

size, surface texture, form, material, method of manufacture, or design pattern




EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1

,- there is no rule governing the number of attributes to record but archaeologists try to use as few as seem

necessary to accomplish the purpose of typology


cataloging - ✔✔- begins with the classification of artifacts into types, or typology


- essential because provenience is lost without it and without providence an artifact's value to future

researchers is greatly reduced


component - ✔✔An archaeological construct consisting of a stratum or set of strata that are presumed to

be culturally homogeneous. A set of components from various sites in a region will make up a phase.


conservation - ✔✔- the first step after excavation is to conserve the recovered materials


- for every week spent excavating, archaeologists spend 3 to 5 weeks or more cleaning, conserving, and

cataloging the finds


- begins with the classification of artifacts into types, or typology


culture area - ✔✔- subdivision of culture areas are called "traditions" or archaeological cultures


- twentieth-century concept used when scholars recognized not all Native American socities were alike


- formalized observations into culture areas, large regions defined primarily in terms of what people ate


functional type - ✔✔- a class of artifacts that performed the same function; these may or may not be

temporal and/or morphological types


- reflect how objects were used in the past


historic period - ✔✔- European contact


- in America after 1500


lithics - ✔✔the technical name for tools made from stone


Mississippian period - ✔✔- A.D. 1,000 - 1,5000




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, - chiefdoms, population changes, agriculture, pottery shape changes


morphology - ✔✔- the first analytical step is to describe the artifacts carefully and accurately by grouping

into morphological types to make sense of the past


- the study of the shape of artifacts


morphological type - ✔✔- they are abstract and purely descriptive


- types are not the artifacts, they are composite descriptions of many similar artifacts meaning that every

type must encompass a certain range of variability (several colors may have been applied, absolute size

may fluctuate, etc.)


- help communicate what the archaeologist found without describing every single specimen


- no set rules exist for creating these types, although basic raw material is normally the first criterion,

followed by shape


paleoindian period - ✔✔- 25kya - ~8,000 B.C.


- first occupation to domestication and pottery


period - ✔✔- archaeologists divided pre-history into periods based on gross changes in easily observable

archaeological remains


- the concept of periods is still used to organize archaeological thinking about time


- periods record change over time


phase - ✔✔- a block of time that is characterized by one or more distinctive artifact types


- defined by temporal types




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