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BIOD 171 Module 5 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2025
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BIOD 171 Module 5 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2025 5 steps to infection - Answers 1. Entry - pathogens use portals of entry to access host tissues 2. Attachment - pathogen binds to tissues using adhesion factors 3. Invasion - pathogen invades deeper into host's tissues and...

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  • January 8, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
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BIOD 171 Module 5 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2025

5 steps to infection - Answers 1. Entry - pathogens use portals of entry to access host tissues

2. Attachment - pathogen binds to tissues using adhesion factors

3. Invasion - pathogen invades deeper into host's tissues and secure nutrients for growth

4. Evasion - pathogen evades immune system defenses by hiding or avoiding phagocytosis or
suppressing immunity

5. Exit and transmission - portal of exit to leave host and transmit to new host (direct or indirect)

Streptococcus - Answers - Gram-positive

- round, chain-like structures

- catalase negative

- Using BAP is the quickest way to identify (hemolytic activity) because there are many subtypes

Hemolytic properties on BAP - Answers alpha-hemolysis: partial decomposition of hemoglobin; greenish-
brown color on plate (Streptococcus pneumonia)



beta-hemolysis: complete decomposition; zone of clearing (Streptococcus pyogenes and some staph
aureus)



gamma-hemolysis: no hemolytic activity; white/tan colonies on red plate (Enterococcus faecalis)

Lancefield grouping - Answers Classifies beta-hemolytic streptococcus



Catalase-negative, coagulase-negative



Groups based on carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens in cell wall



Group A: Streptococcus pyogenes - causative agent behind 90% of strep infections

, Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Answers a group A disease characterized by fever, enlargement of lymph
nodes in the neck and a reddening within the lining of the throat surface tissue causing soreness and
discomfort



treatment: penicillin

Rheumatic Fever - Answers Streptococcus pyogenes (untreated)



beta-hemolysis



Joint inflammation, involuntary jerking movements, nodules beneath skin, can damage heart valves



treatment: penicillin

Streptococcal Septicemia - Answers Group B Streptococcus infection of the blood



fever, increased heart rate, arises from infections in lungs, abdomen, urinary tract



treatment: antibiotics, IV fluids, oxygen



can be caused by E. coli, pseudomonas, klebsiella, etc

Staphylococcus - Answers Gram-positive

Round shape, forms grape-like clusters with other bacteria



facultative anaerobe



can be found in 30% of human population asymptomatic

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