BIOS256/ BIOS 256 EXAM 2: (NEW 2025/ 2026
UPDATE) ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IV GUIDE| QS &
AS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Which channels are responsible for initiating the graded potential - ANS ✓-
ligand gated ion channels
A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until - ANS ✓the resting
membrane potential has been re-established
Which flavour is detected by using second messengers in gustatory hair cell
membranes - ANS ✓sweet
What neural circuit concentrates or directs a large number of incoming
impulses to a rather small number of neurons - ANS ✓converging circuit
The second messenger used for detecting the presence of an odorant
molecule is - ANS ✓camp
Inside an activated cell - ANS ✓na+ and ca+ are higher in concentration than in
the resting state
The rate limiting (slowest) step of neural transmission is - ANS ✓synaptic
transmission
Which provides vasomotor tone - ANS ✓the sympathetic nervous system
Saltatory conduction is made possible by - ANS ✓the myelin sheath
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Which ion is in higher concentration inside the cell as compared to outside
- ANS ✓na+
Depolarization means - ANS ✓the inside of the cell gets more positive
What does an EPSP cause - ANS ✓-membrane depolarization
Direct-acting neurotransmitters - ANS ✓Open ion channels to provoke rapid
responses
The neurotransmitter utilized at neuromuscular junctions is - ANS
✓Acetylcholine
A neuronal circuit that concentrates or directs a large number of incoming
impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a - ANS ✓Converging
circuit
In a neuron reacting to stimulus, the change in membrane permeability and
membrane potential that occurs is called a(n) - ANS ✓action potential
Extracellular fluid contains up to 10000 times more calcium that
intracellular fluid, and yet all cells continue to pump out even more
calcium. They could only do this by means of - ANS ✓active transport
Which of the following structures is probably NOT directly involved in
memory? - ANS ✓Medulla oblongata
When most dreaming takes place, your sleep is characterized by - ANS
✓Temporary skeletal muscle paralysis, except for the extrinsic eye muscles
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Fact memory is NOT stored in the - ANS ✓Pons
The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium.
Parathyroid hormones does this by - ANS ✓activating osteoclasts so that
calcium will be released from bone
Which controls the motor aspects of speech? - ANS ✓Broca's area of the
cerebrum
Indirect acting neurotransmitters - ANS ✓act through second messengers to
promote long lasting effects
Storing information in long term memory - ANS ✓is facilitated by excitement
Which of the following is true about photoreceptors - ANS ✓Rods absorb
light throughout the visual spectrum but confer only gray tone vision.
Which is true about PET scans? - ANS ✓They detect increased or decreased
metabolic activity by measuring the uptake of radioactive deoxy glucose
Which controls goal-directed behavior and is often affected by abused
drugs? - ANS ✓midbrain dopaminergic neurons
The parasympathetic NS affects organs not innervated by the sympathetic
NS - ANS ✓false
Which autonomic fiver releases norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter -
ANS ✓preganglionic sympathetic fiber
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