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NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care IV MDC 4 Rasmussen Exam 6 2025/26 $9.49
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NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care IV MDC 4 Rasmussen Exam 6 2025/26

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  • NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care IV MDC 4

NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care IV MDC 4 Rasmussen Exam 6 2025/26 NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care IV MDC 4 Rasmussen Exam 6 2025/26 NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care IV MDC 4 Rasmussen Exam 6 2025/26 NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care IV MDC 4 Rasmussen Exam 6 2025/26 NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care ...

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  • January 9, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
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  • NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care IV MDC 4
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NUR 2755 Multidimensional Care IV MDC 4 Rasmussen Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




Exam 6 2025/26 Il! Il! Il! Il!



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Heat Related Illnesses - -high environmental temperature (above 95°F [35°C]) and high humidity
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(above 80%)
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-common conditions are Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke -Those Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




at risk include:
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• Older adults (less fluid volume) Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Mental health disorders Il! Il! Il!




• Outside workers Il! Il!




• Homeless Il!




• Athletes Il!




• Military stationed in high temp climates -Comorbidities include: Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Obesity Il!




• Heart disease Il! Il!




• Fever Il!




• Infection Il!




• Existing burns Il! Il!




• Medications: Lithium, Seizure meds, Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors and diuretics -Prevention Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




include:
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• Avoid Alcohol and caffeine Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Prevent overexposure and wear sunscreen Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Rest frequently and take breaks
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• Limit heat of the day activities Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Clothing should be suitable for the environment Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Know your limitations Il! Il! Il!




• Take cool baths or showers to reduce body temp
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• Stay indoors if possible Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Check on your elderly neighbors or those without AC
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Heat exhaustion - -a syndrome resulting primarily from dehydration and is caused by heavy
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perspiration and inadequate fluid and electrolyte intake during heat exposure over hours to days -
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Profuse diaphoresis can lead to profound dehydration and hyponatremia caused by excessive
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sodium lost in perspiration
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**Note: if left untreated it will lead to heat stroke**
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Heat Exhaustion signs and symptoms with interventions - -signs and symptom for this heat related
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illness include:
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• Flu like symptoms - headache, weakness, nausea and vomiting
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• Cool clammy pale skin Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Rapid weak pulse Il! Il! Il!




• No significant increase in body temp
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• May continue to perspire Il! Il! Il! Il!

,-Immediate intervention include: Il! Il! Il!




• Instruct the patient to immediately stop physical activity and move to a cool place
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• Use cooling measures such as placing cold packs on the neck, chest, abdomen, and groin
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• Soak the individual in cool water or fan while spraying water on the skin
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• Remove constrictive clothing. Il! Il! Il!




• Sports drinks or an oral rehydration-therapy solution can be provided. Mistakenly drinking plain
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water can worsen the sodium deficit
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**Note: Do not give salt tablets, which can cause stomach irritation, nausea, and vomiting. If signs
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and symptoms persist, call an ambulance to transport the patient to the hospital.** -Clinical
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Intervention include:
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• Monitor vital signs Il! Il! Il!




• Rehydrate the patient with intravenous solution as prescribed if nausea or vomiting persists Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Draw blood for serum electrolyte analysis
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Heat stroke - -a medical emergency in which body temperature may exceed 104°F (40°C). It has a
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high mortality rate if not treated in a timely manner
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-the patients thermoregulation mechanisms fail and cannot adjust for a critical elevation in body
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temperature
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***IMPORTANT: Can lead to organ dysfunction and death if patient does not respond to Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




treatment***
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-two type: Exertional and Classic
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***Note: exhibits similar signs and symptoms 3rd and 4th stage hypovolemic shock***
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Exertional heat stroke - -a heat stroke that is sudden onset and is often the result of strenuous
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physical activity especially wearing too heavy clothing in hot, humid conditions
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-this heat stroke is common with athletes
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Classic heat stroke - a heat stroke that occurs over a period of time as a result of chronic exposure
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to a hot, humid environment such as living in a home without air conditioning in the high heat of
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summer
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Heat stroke signs and symptoms - -signs and symptom for this heat related illness include:
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• Profound elevated body temperature above 104F (40C) Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Hypotension Il!




• Tachycardia Il!




• Tachypnea Il!




• Oliguria Il!




Hot and dry skin Electrolyte imbalances (such as hypernatremia and hypo/hyperkalemia)
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• Hot and dry skin Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Decreased renal function (oliguria) Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Coagulopathy (abnormal clotting) Il! Il! Il!




• Pulmonary edema (crackles) Il! Il! Il!




***Although the patient's skin is hot and dry, the presence of sweating does not rule out heat Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




stroke—people with heat stroke may continue to perspire.***
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-Mental status changes occur as a result of thermal injury to the brain and are the hallmark
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finding in this heat related illness -Mental status changes such as:
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,• Acute confusion Il! Il!




• Bizarre behavior Il! Il!




• Anxiety Il!




• Loss of coordination Il! Il! Il!




• Hallucinations Il!




• Agitation Il!




• Seizures Il!




• Coma
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Heat stroke Interventions - Interventions for this heat related illness include:
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- placing patient on NPO status for risk of aspiration - Airway, Breath,
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Circulation:
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• High flow O2 Il! Il! Il!




• Aggressive Fluid resuscitation Il! Il! Il!




• Cooling measures until rectal temp is less than 102. External- ice packs, cooling blankets and
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Internal- ice lavage to stomach and/or bladder
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• Prevent shivering Il! Il!




• Indwelling catheter Il! Il!




• No ASA or antipyretics
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Heat Stroke Best Practice QSEN - -QSEN Best Practice for this heat related illness include:
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-At the Scene Il! Il! Il!




• Ensure a patent airway. Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Remove the patient from the hot environment (into air-conditioning or into the shade).
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• Contact emergency medical services to transport the patient to the emergency department.
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• Remove the patient's clothing. Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Pour or spray cold water on the patient's body and scalp.
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• Fan the patient (not only the person providing care, but all surrounding people should fan the
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patient with newspapers or whatever is available).
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• If available, place ice in cloth or bags and position the packs on the patient's scalp, in the groin
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area, behind the neck, and in the armpits.
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• If immediate immersion in cold water is possible, support the patient in the water for rapid
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cooling and protect the patient's airway. (Note: this is the best method to treat heat stroke.) -At
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the Hospital • Give oxygen by mask or nasal cannula; be prepared for endotracheal intubation.
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• Start at least one IV with a large-bore needle or cannula.
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• Administer fluids as prescribed, using cooled solutions if available. • Use a cooling blanket. Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Obtain baseline laboratory tests as quickly as possible: urinalysis, serum electrolytes, cardiac
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enzymes, liver enzymes, and complete blood count (CBC).
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• Do not administer aspirin or any other antipyretics. • Insert a rectal probe to measure core body
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temperature continuously or use a rectal thermometer and assess temperature every 15 minutes.
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• Insert an indwelling urinary drainage catheter. Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Monitor vital signs frequently as clinically indicated. Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Assess arterial blood gases. Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Administer muscle relaxants or benzodiazepines as prescribed if the patient begins to shiver.
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, • Measure and monitor urine output and specific gravity to determine fluid needs.
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• Stop cooling interventions when core body temperature is reduced to 1
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Cold related Illness - -Illness caused by being in the cold for too long -Two
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common cold-related injuries are hypothermia and frostbite.
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-since both types can be prevented, educate patients on ways to prevent these injuries through
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methods to maintain thermoregulation, which can range from minor pain to major systemic
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complications. -Risk Factors include: • Older adults
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• Mental health disorders Il! Il! Il!




• Outside workers Il! Il!




• Homeless Il!




• Military stationed in low temp climates Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Cold water immersion Il! Il! Il!




• Windchill Il!




• Infection Il!




• Traumatic Injury Il! Il!




• EtOH intoxication or substance abuse Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Malnutrition Il!




• Hypothyroidism Il!




• Medications: Phenothiazines and barbiturates
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Hypothermia - -a cold related illness where the core body temperature below 95°F (35°C) - Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




Environmental temp below 82 F can produce impaired thermoregulation -Common Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




predisposing conditions include:
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• Cold-water immersion Il! Il!




• Acute illness (e.g., sepsis) Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Traumatic injury Il! Il!




• Shock states Il! Il!




• Immobilization Il!




• Cold weather (especially for people who are homeless or work outdoors)
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• Older age Il! Il!




• Use of medications (e.g., phenothiazines, barbiturates)
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• Inappropriate alcohol and substance use Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




• Undernutrition Il!




• Hypothyroidism Il!




• Inadequate clothing or shelter (e.g., the homeless population) Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!




-Wind chill- heat loss increases as wind speed increases
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-Wet conditions increase heat loss
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-Three Stages: Mild, Moderate, Severe
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Hypothermia Health Promotion - -Teach the importance of wearing synthetic clothing because it Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!

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moves moisture away from the body and dries fast. Cotton clothing, especially worn as an
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undergarment, holds moisture, becomes wet, and contributes to the development of hypothermia. Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!

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