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Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN Pharmacology/ Includes Terms & Certified Definitions/ 2025.

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Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN Pharmacology/ Includes Terms & Certified Definitions/ 2025. Antacids Antacids are used to chemically react with and neutralize the acid in the stomach. They can provide rapid relief from increased acid levels. They are known to cause GI alterations such a...

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  • January 9, 2025
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Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN
Pharmacology/ Includes Terms & Certified
Definitions/ 2025.

Terms in this set (42)

Antacids Antacids are used to chemically react with and neutralize
the acid in the stomach. They can provide rapid relief from
increased acid levels. They are known to cause GI alterations
such as diarrhea or constipation and can alter the
absorption of many drugs.




Antacids: Generic and Here is a list of the most commonly encountered
Brand Names antacids and their brand names. ClassificationGeneric
nameBrand nameAntacidsaluminum
saltsAlternaGELcalcium saltsOystercal,
TumsmagaldrateLosopan, Riopanmagnesium saltsMilk
of Magnesia, otherssodium bicarbonateBell-ans




What are antacids? Antacids are a group of inorganic chemicals that neutralize
stomach acid.
Antacids are available OTC, and many patients use them to
self-treat a variety of GI symptoms.
The choice of an antacid depends on adverse effects and
absorption factors.

, The desired actions of antacids include the following:
Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction.
Antacids Therapeutic Symptomatic relief of an upset stomach associated with
actions hyperacidity, as well as the hyperacidity associated with
peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic esophagitis, gastric hyperacidity,
and hiatal hernia.



Antacids The following are contraindications and cautions when
Contraindications and using antacids:
Cautions Allergy. The antacids are contraindicated in the presence of
any known allergy to antacid products or any component of
the drug to prevent hypersensitivity reactions.
Co-morbidities. Caution should be used in the following
instances: any condition that can be exacerbated by
electrolyte or acid-based imbalance to prevent
exacerbations and serious adverse effects; any electrolyte
imbalance , which could be exacerbated by the electrolyte-
changing effects of these drugs; GI obstruction which could
cause systemic absorption of the drugs and increase adverse
effects; renal dysfunction, which could lead to electrolyte
disturbance if any absorbed antacid is neutralized properly.
Pregnancy and lactation. Antacids are contraindicated for
pregnant and lactating women because of the potential for
adverse effects on the fetus or neonate.




Histamine-2 (H2) receptor Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists block the release of
antagonists acid in response to gastrin or parasympathetic release.

, Here is a table of the most commonly used H2 antagonists.
Histamine-2 Antagonist: ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameHistamine-2
Generic and Brand Names antagonistscimetidineTagametranitidineZantacfamotid
inePepcidnizatidineAxid



H2 blockers Therapeutic The desired actions of H2 antagonists include the following:
actions Selectively block H2 receptors located on the parietal cells.
Prevents the release of gastrin, a hormone that causes local
release of histamine (due to stimulation of histamine
receptors), ultimately blocking the production of hydrochloric
acid.
Decreases pepsin production by the chief cells.




Proton Pump Inhibitors The gastric acid pump or proton pump inhibitors suppress
gastric acid secretion by specifically inhibiting the hydrogen-
potassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme system on the
secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells.




Proton Pump Inhibitors: Here is a table of the most commonly encountered proton
Generic and Brand Names pump inhibitor:
ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameProton pump
inhibitorsdexlansoprazoleKapidexesomeprazoleNexiu
mlansoprazolePrevacidomeprazolePrilosecpantopraz
oleProtonixrabeprazoleAciphex



What are Proton Pump Proton pump inhibitors suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid
Inhibitors? into the lumen of the stomach.

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