TESTBANK n n n
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TestBankforFoundations of Mental Health Care
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8thEdition
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TESTBANK n
,MichelleMorrison-Valfre:FoundationsofMentalHealthCare8thEdition
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Chapter01:TheHistory ofMentalCare
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MULTIPLECHOICE n
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational
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nsoulcouldbecomparedwiththebeliefofthemorerecentpsychologicaltheorist:
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a. Freud
b. Pinel
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS:A n
Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the
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personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in
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need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse whocared forthe
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mentallyill,and Dr. BenjaminRushwastheauthorofthe book Diseases of the Mind.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
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OBJ: 2
n TOP: Early Years of Mental Health
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KEY: NursingProcess Step: Assessmentn MSC:ClientNeeds: Psychosocial Integrity n n n n n n n
2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately
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recorded by professionals. This practice led to
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behaviors.
n
a. Classifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS:A n
Classificationofabnormal behaviorsdidnot beginuntilthistime,afterthepracticeofmore accurate n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding
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mental health disorders were not available during this period.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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OBJ: 3
n TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance
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KEY: NursingProcess Step: Assessmentn MSC:ClientNeeds: Psychosocial Integrity n n n n n n n
3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of
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nmedicine,andinhumanetreatmentwas greatlydiminishedbythe Frenchhospital director:
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a. Dix
b. Beers
c. Pinel
d. Carter
ANS:C n
, PhilippePineladvocatedacceptanceofthementallyill,aswell aspropertreatment. Dorothea Dix
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crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That
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Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in
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1978.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
n REF:p.5 n n n n
OBJ: 4
n TOP: Mental Illness in the Eighteenth Century
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KEY: NursingProcess Step: Assessment n MSC:ClientNeeds: Psychosocial Integrity n n n n n n n
4. In 1841,
n surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United n n n n n n n
States,Canada,andScotlandandiscreditedwithbringingaboutpublicawarenessand reform for the
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care of the mentally ill.
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a. SigmundFreud n
b. John Cade n
c. FlorenceNightingale n
d. DorotheaDix n
ANS:D n
DorotheaDix spent20 yearssurveyingfacilitiesthathousedmentallyillindividualsandis credited
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with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of
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psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and
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Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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OBJ: 4
n TOP: Mental Illness in the Nineteenth Century
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KEY: NursingProcess Step: Assessment n MSC:ClientNeeds: Psychosocial Integrity n n n n n n n
5. As adirectresultofCliffordN
B e eRr s ’ I
worG
k a nBd .b oCo k ,MA MindThatFound Itself,theCommitteefor
U with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
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Mental Hygiene was formed in 1909
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a. Earlydetection ofsymptoms ofmental illness n n n n n n
b. Educationofcaregivers n n
c. Currenttreatmentoptions n n
d. Removingthestigmaattached tomental illness n n n n n n
ANS:D n
Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received
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for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people
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throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigmaofhavingamentalillness.
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Earlydetectionofsymptoms,educationofcaregivers,and current treatment options regarding
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mental illness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental
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Hygiene.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
n REF:p.6 n n n n
OBJ: 4
n TOP: Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century
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KEY: NursingProcess Step: Assessment n MSC:ClientNeeds: Psychosocial Integrity n n n n n n n
6. Duringthe1930s,whatcommontreatment forschizophreniacaused clients tofallinto acoma that
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ncould last as long as 50 hours? n n n n n n
a. Electroconvulsivetherapy n
b. Insulintherapy n
c. Humoraltherapy n
, d. Amphetaminetherapy n
ANS:B n
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines
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wereusedto treatdepression,and electroconvulsive therapywas usedfor severedepression.
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Humoraltherapy,whichoriginatedinancientGreeceandRome,wasa belief that mental illness
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resulted from an imbalanceof thehumors of air, fire, water, and earth.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
n REF:p.8 n n n n
OBJ: 5
n TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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KEY: NursingProcess Step: Assessment
n MSC:ClientNeeds: Psychosocial Integrity n n n n n n n
7. Inthe1930s,whatmentalhealthdisorderwaselectroconvulsivetherapy(ECT)mostoften used
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nto treat?
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a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolardisorder n
c. Severedepression n
d. Violentbehavior n
ANS:C n
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this
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period,schizophreniawastreatedwithinsulintherapy, andviolentbehaviorwastreatedwitha
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lobotomy. In 1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
n REF:p.6 n n n n
OBJ: 5
n TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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NssesRsmeI
KEY: NursingProcessStep:A nt GMSB
n C:.CClienM
t Needs:PsychosocialIntegrity n n n n n n n
US N T n n n O
8. Intheearlytwentieth century, afrontallobotomywasacommontreatment forviolent
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nbehaviors. Which description of this procedure is accurate? n n n n n n n
a. Aprocedurethatdelivers anelectrical stimulus tothefrontal lobesofthe brain
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b. Asurgical procedurethat drills holes inthefront oftheskull todrain fluid
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c. Asurgical procedurethat severs thefrontallobesofthebrain from the thalamus
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d. Asurgical procedurethat insertsimplants intothefrontallobes ofthe brain
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ANS:C n
Afrontallobotomyisa surgicalprocedureinwhichthefrontal lobesofthe brain aresevered from the
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thalamus.
n
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
n REF:p.6 n n n n
OBJ: 5
n TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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KEY: NursingProcess Step: Assessment
n MSC:ClientNeeds: Psychosocial Integrity n n n n n n n
9. Whichclass ofdrugswas introduced in the1930s forthetreatment ofdepression?
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a. SSRIs
b. Tricyclicantidepressants n
c. MAOIs
ANS:D n
