NUR 210: Exam 4 (Newest 2025 / 2026): Principles of Pharmacology, Questions and Detailed Answers, 100% Verified (Galen)
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NUR 210: Exam 4 (Newest ): Principles of Pharmacology,
Questions and Detailed Answers, 100% Verified (Galen)
1. What is bacteriostatic?: inhibits bacterial growth
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2. what is bactericidal?: kills bacteria
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3. What is a broad spectrum antibiotic?: - able to control a variety of organisms (gram - or +)
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- used when you cannot identify what the organism causing the disease is
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- targets many bacteria ("shotgun approach)
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4. when are broad spectrum antibiotics used?: when you do not know what organism is c
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ausing the problem r r
5. What are narrow spectrum antibiotics?: -
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effective against few organisms (either Gram positive OR Gram negative)
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- used when you know which organism is causing the problems and which drug that it is sensitive
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to
- targets one organism ("bb gun approach)r r r r r
6. When are narrow spectrum antibiotics used?: Whenever the bacteria causing the disease is
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known
7. what does selective toxicity mean?: toxic to a specific cell (bacteria/microor-
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r ganism) while sparing other normal cells
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8. is bacterial resistance innate or acquired?: both- can be either
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9. what is meant by bacterial resistance?: abilityof an organism tosurvive against an antimicrobi
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al or to render the antimicrobial ineffective
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10. What is a super infection?: when an infection arises in addition to one that is already prese
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nt;an infection that occurs because of treatment for a primary infection
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, 11. what is meant by prophylactic antibiotic use?: antibiotics that are used to PREVENT inf
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ection
12. what are three surgical procedures that increase the risk for infection? what is often
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given with/after the procedures to decrease the risk of infec- tion?: 1. orthopedic
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2. cardiac
3. abdominal
prophylactic antibiotics given to reduce the risk of infection
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13. why is there a risk for endocarditis with a patient who has an artificial valve, having dental s
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urgery?: in the gums are cut bacteria can get into the bloodstream and travel to the heart and infe
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ct the artificial valve
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14. how can chemotherapy increase the risk for infection? what can be given with it to reduc
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e the risk for infection?: affects the bone marrow; prophylactic antibiotics
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15. what are the 5 stages of infection?: 1. incubation
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2. prodromal
3. acute
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