CIS2750 Exam Study Notes With
Correct Solution
Scripting Languages - ANSWER Generally Interpreted instead of compiled. This allows
for rapid development and change due to immediate execution.
Byte Code - ANSWER Source Code that has been converted to an intermediate, similar
to compilation. Executed by an interpreter which improves performance over purely
interpreted systems.
Extending - ANSWER Utilizing external programs and libraries to increase the
functionality of the language by binding existing programs to it.
Dynamic Typing - ANSWER System manages the types of variables without the
programmer explicitly stating the length or type of declaration.
Lists - ANSWER Ordered Collections of other objects that are accessed using an index.
Dictionaries - ANSWER Unordered collections of objects that are accessed using a key.
Tuples - ANSWER Immutable lists.
immutable1 = immutable2 - ANSWER Creates a copy of the tuple
mutable1 = mutable2 - ANSWER Creates a second variable that references the lis
The Protocol Stack - ANSWER 1. Communication Protocols
2. Built on top of each-other
3. Lowest Levels communicate bytes/packets between computers
4. Higher levels give fault tolerance
5. Highest levels are application specific
HTTP - ANSWER Hypertext Transfer Protocol
TCP - ANSWER Transmission Control Protocol
What does TCP do? - ANSWER Adds reliability, ordering, and error checking
IP - ANSWER Internet Protocol
Relays Datagrams across networks
Routing Functionality
, Basis of the internet
UDP - ANSWER User Datagram Protocol
Doesn't include reliability
Faster
Used for Gaming
When was HTTP/1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3 published? - ANSWER 1996, 2015, 2022 (Also
switched from QUIC to TCP in 2022)
Four Basic SQL Operations - ANSWER Select, Insert, Update, Delete
What are the 6 data types for SQL? - ANSWER Integer, Smallint, Decimal, Char, Varchar,
Date
SQL: DESC - ANSWER When used in combination with "ORDER BY", creates an ordering
in descending order.
Aggregate Functions in SQL? - ANSWER COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN
CROSS JOIN - ANSWER Multiplies the two tables into a new virtual table.
INNER JOIN - ANSWER Tables are combined based on a common column they share
OUTER JOIN - ANSWER Combines all rows of one table with only MATCHING rows from
the other table. Used to include rows that are missing (unmatched) in an inner join.
SELF JOIN - ANSWER Table joined to itself
LEFT OUTER JOIN - ANSWER ( *= ) All rows from of left side of the join will be included.
For Example MoleculeAtom *= MoleculeBonds. All rows from MoleculeAtom will be
included.
RIGHT OUTER JOIN - ANSWER (=* ) All rows from the right side of the join will be
included. For Example MoleculeAtom =* MoleculeBonds. All rows from MoleculeBonds
will be included
FULL OUTER JOIN - ANSWER Ensures that all rows from both sides of the join will be
included.
SQL: VIEW - ANSWER A virtual table that does not actually exist but appears to the user
as if it did. Views can be used for security by hiding sensitive data from unauthorized
users.
BASE TABLES - ANSWER Real Tables that are "physical" entitie that require storage
space (such as files)
GRANT - ANSWER Operation used to provide and restrict access to tables (For the 4
Correct Solution
Scripting Languages - ANSWER Generally Interpreted instead of compiled. This allows
for rapid development and change due to immediate execution.
Byte Code - ANSWER Source Code that has been converted to an intermediate, similar
to compilation. Executed by an interpreter which improves performance over purely
interpreted systems.
Extending - ANSWER Utilizing external programs and libraries to increase the
functionality of the language by binding existing programs to it.
Dynamic Typing - ANSWER System manages the types of variables without the
programmer explicitly stating the length or type of declaration.
Lists - ANSWER Ordered Collections of other objects that are accessed using an index.
Dictionaries - ANSWER Unordered collections of objects that are accessed using a key.
Tuples - ANSWER Immutable lists.
immutable1 = immutable2 - ANSWER Creates a copy of the tuple
mutable1 = mutable2 - ANSWER Creates a second variable that references the lis
The Protocol Stack - ANSWER 1. Communication Protocols
2. Built on top of each-other
3. Lowest Levels communicate bytes/packets between computers
4. Higher levels give fault tolerance
5. Highest levels are application specific
HTTP - ANSWER Hypertext Transfer Protocol
TCP - ANSWER Transmission Control Protocol
What does TCP do? - ANSWER Adds reliability, ordering, and error checking
IP - ANSWER Internet Protocol
Relays Datagrams across networks
Routing Functionality
, Basis of the internet
UDP - ANSWER User Datagram Protocol
Doesn't include reliability
Faster
Used for Gaming
When was HTTP/1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3 published? - ANSWER 1996, 2015, 2022 (Also
switched from QUIC to TCP in 2022)
Four Basic SQL Operations - ANSWER Select, Insert, Update, Delete
What are the 6 data types for SQL? - ANSWER Integer, Smallint, Decimal, Char, Varchar,
Date
SQL: DESC - ANSWER When used in combination with "ORDER BY", creates an ordering
in descending order.
Aggregate Functions in SQL? - ANSWER COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN
CROSS JOIN - ANSWER Multiplies the two tables into a new virtual table.
INNER JOIN - ANSWER Tables are combined based on a common column they share
OUTER JOIN - ANSWER Combines all rows of one table with only MATCHING rows from
the other table. Used to include rows that are missing (unmatched) in an inner join.
SELF JOIN - ANSWER Table joined to itself
LEFT OUTER JOIN - ANSWER ( *= ) All rows from of left side of the join will be included.
For Example MoleculeAtom *= MoleculeBonds. All rows from MoleculeAtom will be
included.
RIGHT OUTER JOIN - ANSWER (=* ) All rows from the right side of the join will be
included. For Example MoleculeAtom =* MoleculeBonds. All rows from MoleculeBonds
will be included
FULL OUTER JOIN - ANSWER Ensures that all rows from both sides of the join will be
included.
SQL: VIEW - ANSWER A virtual table that does not actually exist but appears to the user
as if it did. Views can be used for security by hiding sensitive data from unauthorized
users.
BASE TABLES - ANSWER Real Tables that are "physical" entitie that require storage
space (such as files)
GRANT - ANSWER Operation used to provide and restrict access to tables (For the 4
