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2025 NURS 5315 ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2025 NURS 5315 ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2025 NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 1QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
AtrophyW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-E.WCellsWdecreaseWinWsize
P.WStillWfunctional;WimbalanceWbetweenWproteinWsynthesisWandWdegradation.WEssentiallyWthereWisWanWincr
easeWinWtheWcatabolismWofWintracellularWorganelles,WreducingWstructuralWcomponentsWofWcell
Physiologic:WthymusWglandWinWearlyWchildhood
Pathological:WdisuseW(muscleWatrophyWd/WdecreaseWworkload,Wpressure,Wuse,WbloodWsupply,Wnutrition,Wh
ormonalWstimulation,WorWnervousWstimulation)
HyperplasiaW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
E:WcellsWincreaseWinWnumber,WmitosisW(cellWdivision)WmustWoccur,WsizeWofWcellWdoesWnotWchangeW
Phys:WincreasedWrateWofWdivision,WincreaseWinWtissueWmassWafterWdamageWorWpartialWresection;WmayWbeW
compensatory,Whormonal,WorWpathologic
Patho:WabnormalWproliferationWofWnormalWcellsWusuallyWcausedWbyWincreasedWhormonalWstimulationW(en
dometrial).WincreaseWofWproductionWofWlocalWgrowthWfactors
Ex:WremovalWofWpartWofWtheWliverWleadWtoWhyperplasiaWofWhepatocytes.WuterineWorWmammaryWglandWenl
argementWduringWpregnancy
DysplasiaW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
E.WNotWtrueWadaptation;WCellsWabnormalWchangeWinWsize,Wshape,WorganizationW(classifiedWasWmild,Wmode
rate,Wsevere)
P.WcausedWbyWcellWinjury/irritation,WcharacterizedWbyWdisorderedWcellWgrowth.WakaWatypicalWhyperplasiaW
orWpre-cancer,WaWdisorderlyWproliferation
Physiologic:WN/A
Pathologic:WsquamousWdysplasiaWofWcervixWfromWHPVWshowsWupWonWpapWsmear,WbreastWcancerWdevelop
ment;WpapWsmearsWoftenWshowWdysplasticWcellsWofWtheWcervixWthatWmustWundergoWlaser/surgicalWtx
MetaplasiaW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
E:WreversibleWchange,WoneWtypeWofWcellWchangesWtoWanotherWtypeWforWsurvivalW
P:Wreversible;WresultsWfromWexposureWofWtheWcellsWtoWchronicWstressors,Winjury,WorWirritation;WCancerWcan
WariseWfromWthisWarea,WstimulusWinducesWaWreprogrammingWofWstemWcellsWunderWtheWinfluenceWofWcytok
inesWandWgrowthWfactorsW
,Ex:WPatho:WColumnarWcellsWchangeWtoWsquamousWcellsWinWlungsWofWsmokerWorWnormalWciliatedWepithelial
WcellsWofWtheWbronchialWliningsWareWreplacedWbyWstratifiedWsquamousWepithelialWcells.;WPhys:WBarrettWEso
phagus-
WnormalWsquamousWcellsWchangeWtoWcolumnarWepithelialWcellsWinWresponseWtoWreflux,WakaWintestinalWme
taplasia
HypoxiaWinjuryW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-E.WinadequateWoxygenationWofWtissues
P.WdecreaseWinWmitochondrialWfunction,WdecreasedWproductionWofWATPWincreasesWanaerobicWmetabolism
.WeventualWcellWdeath.
C.M.Whypoxia,Wcyanosis,WcognitiveWimpairment,Wlethargy
FreeWradicalWandWROSW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
E.WnormalWbyproductWofWATPWproduction,WwillWoverwhelmWtheWmitochondria-
WexhaustWintracellularWantioxidants
P.WlipidWperoxidation,WdamageWproteins,WfragmentWDNA
C.M.WdevelopmentWinWAlzheimer's,WheartWdisease,WParkinson'sWdisease,WAmyotrophicWLateralWSclerosis
EthanolW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
E.WmoodWalteringWdrug,WlongWtermWeffectsWonWliverWandWnutritionalWstatus
P.WmetabolizedWbyWliver,WgeneratesWfreeWradicals
C.M.WCNSWdepression,WnutrientWdeficiencies-
Mag,WVitWB6,Wthiamine,WPO4,WinflammationWandWfattyWinfiltrationWofWliver,Whepatomegaly,WleadsWtoWliver
WfailureWirreversible
OncosisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
NaWandWH2OWenterWcellWandWcauseWswelling.WOrganWincreasesWinWweight,WbecomesWdistendedWandWpale
.WAssociatedWwithWhighWfever,Whypocalcemia,WcertainWinfections
AlphaWFetoproteinWOriginW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-LiverWandWgermWcellWtumors
CarcinoembryonicWAntigenW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-GI,Wpancreas,Wlung,WbreastWtumors
ProstateWSpecificWAntigenW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-prostateWtumors
,Carcino-W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-fromWepithelialWtissue-WrenalWcellWcarcinoma
Sarco-W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-fromWconnectiveWtissue-Wchondrosarcoma
CarcinomaWinWsituW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
preinvasiveWepithelialWmalignantWtumorsWofWglandularWorWsquamousWcells-Wcervix
LungWcaWmetastasisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-MultipleWorgansWincludingWbrain
ColorectalWcaWmetastasisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-Liver,Wlungs
TesticularWcaWmetastasisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-Liver,Wlungs,Wbrain
ProstateWcaWmetastasisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-BonesW(especiallyWlumbarWspine),Wliver
HeadWandWneckWcaWmetastasisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-Liver,Wbones,Wlymphatics
OvarianWcaWmetastasisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-PeritonealWsurfaces,Wdiaphragm,Womentum,Wliver
SarcomaWmetastasisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-Lungs
MelanomaWmetastasisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-InWtransitWlymphatics,Wlung,Wliver,Wbrain,WGIWtract
MechanismsWofWcaWmetastasisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
LocalWinvasion,WfollowedWbyWinvasionWofWsurroundingWtissues.WCellsWthenWmayWinvadeWbloodWandWlymph
aticWvessels.WTheyWmustWsurviveWinWcirculation,WthenWenterWandWsurviveWinWaWnewWlocation.WThenWtheWc
ellsWcanWmultiplyWandWformWaWnewWtumor.
TNMWstagingWsystemW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-T=WtumorWsizeW>/=WcorrelatesWwithWmetastaticWabilityW
, N=WwhetherWlymphWnodesWareWinvolvedW
M=WextraWnodalWinvolvementW(liver,Wlungs)
IntravascularWfluidWcompartmentW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-InWvenousWsystem-W20%
OsmolalityW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-TheWmeasureWofWsoluteWconcentrationWinWaWfluid.W
280-295WmOsm
InterstitialWfluidWcompartmentW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
SurroundsWtheWcellsWandWbathesWthemWinWnutrients-W20%
IntracellularWfluidWcompartmentW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-WithinWtheWcells-W40%Wuk
OsmosisW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-Passive-
WtheWmovementWofWwaterWfromWanWareaWofWlowWconcentrationWofWsoluteWtoWoneWofWhigherWconcentrati
on
OsmoticWpressureW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-Pulling-
WtheWamountWofWpressureWorWforceWthatWisWexertedWbyWsoluteWmoleculesWofWaWgivenWcompartment
HydrostaticWpressureW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-BloodWpressure-
WpushesWfluidWoutsideWofWtheWvessels,WtheWforceWofWfluidWagainstWtheWwallsWofWaWcompartment-
WvenousWobstruction,WNaWandWwaterWretention
OncoticWpressureW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
ColloidWpressureWkeepsWwaterWinsideWtheWcompartment,WattractsWwaterWfromWinterstitialWspaceWbackWin
toWtheWcapillary-WlossesWorWdiminishedWalbumin
EffectiveWarterialWbloodWvolumeW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
TheWamountWofWbloodWwithinWtheWarterialWspace-
WECFWchangesWwillWcauseWchangesWinWtheWEABVWinWtheWsameWdirection
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