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NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
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NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
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NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONSWITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
AtrophyT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-E.TCellsTdecreaseTinTsize
P.TStillTfunctional;TimbalanceTbetweenTproteinTsynthesisTandTdegradation.TEssentiallyTthereTisTanTincreaseTi
nTtheTcatabolismTofTintracellularTorganelles,TreducingTstructuralTcomponentsTofTcell
Physiologic:TthymusTglandTinTearlyTchildhood
Pathological:TdisuseT(muscleTatrophyTd/TdecreaseTworkload,Tpressure,Tuse,TbloodTsupply,Tnutrition,Thormo
nalTstimulation,TorTnervousTstimulation)
HyperplasiaT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-
E:TcellsTincreaseTinTnumber,TmitosisT(cellTdivision)TmustToccur,TsizeTofTcellTdoesTnotTchangeT
Phys:TincreasedTrateTofTdivision,TincreaseTinTtissueTmassTafterTdamageTorTpartialTresection;TmayTbeTcompe
nsatory,Thormonal,TorTpathologic
Patho:TabnormalTproliferationTofTnormalTcellsTusuallyTcausedTbyTincreasedThormonalTstimulationT(endome
trial).TincreaseTofTproductionTofTlocalTgrowthTfactors
Ex:TremovalTofTpartTofTtheTliverTleadTtoThyperplasiaTofThepatocytes.TuterineTorTmammaryTglandTenlargeme
ntTduringTpregnancy
DysplasiaT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-
E.TNotTtrueTadaptation;TCellsTabnormalTchangeTinTsize,Tshape,TorganizationT(classifiedTasTmild,Tmoderate,Ts
evere)
P.TcausedTbyTcellTinjury/irritation,TcharacterizedTbyTdisorderedTcellTgrowth.TakaTatypicalThyperplasiaTorTpre-
cancer,TaTdisorderlyTproliferation
Physiologic:TN/A
Pathologic:TsquamousTdysplasiaTofTcervixTfromTHPVTshowsTupTonTpapTsmear,TbreastTcancerTdevelopment;T
papTsmearsToftenTshowTdysplasticTcellsTofTtheTcervixTthatTmustTundergoTlaser/surgicalTtx
MetaplasiaT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-
E:TreversibleTchange,ToneTtypeTofTcellTchangesTtoTanotherTtypeTforTsurvivalT
P:Treversible;TresultsTfromTexposureTofTtheTcellsTtoTchronicTstressors,Tinjury,TorTirritation;TCancerTcanTariseTf
romTthisTarea,TstimulusTinducesTaTreprogrammingTofTstemTcellsTunderTtheTinfluenceTofTcytokinesTandTgrow
thTfactorsT
Ex:TPatho:TColumnarTcellsTchangeTtoTsquamousTcellsTinTlungsTofTsmokerTorTnormalTciliatedTepithelialTcellsTo
fTtheTbronchialTliningsTareTreplacedTbyTstratifiedTsquamousTepithelialTcells.;TPhys:TBarrettTEsophagus-
,normalTsquamousTcellsTchangeTtoTcolumnarTepithelialTcellsTinTresponseTtoTreflux,TakaTintestinalTmetaplasi
T
a
HypoxiaTinjuryT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-E.TinadequateToxygenationTofTtissues
P.TdecreaseTinTmitochondrialTfunction,TdecreasedTproductionTofTATPTincreasesTanaerobicTmetabolism.Teve
ntualTcellTdeath.
C.M.Thypoxia,Tcyanosis,TcognitiveTimpairment,Tlethargy
FreeTradicalTandTROST-TCORRECTTANSWERT-
E.TnormalTbyproductTofTATPTproduction,TwillToverwhelmTtheTmitochondria-
TexhaustTintracellularTantioxidants
P.TlipidTperoxidation,TdamageTproteins,TfragmentTDNA
C.M.TdevelopmentTinTAlzheimer's,TheartTdisease,TParkinson'sTdisease,TAmyotrophicTLateralTSclerosis
EthanolT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-E.TmoodTalteringTdrug,TlongTtermTeffectsTonTliverTandTnutritionalTstatus
P.TmetabolizedTbyTliver,TgeneratesTfreeTradicals
C.M.TCNSTdepression,TnutrientTdeficiencies-
Mag,TVitTB6,Tthiamine,TPO4,TinflammationTandTfattyTinfiltrationTofTliver,Thepatomegaly,TleadsTtoTliverTfailur
eTirreversible
OncosisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-
NaTandTH2OTenterTcellTandTcauseTswelling.TOrganTincreasesTinTweight,TbecomesTdistendedTandTpale.TAssoc
iatedTwithThighTfever,Thypocalcemia,TcertainTinfections
FattyTInfiltrationT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-intracellularTaccumulationTofTlipidsTinTtheTliver
liverTfailsTtoTmetabolizeTlipids.TusuallyTfromTETOHTorThighTfatTdiet.TcanTleadTtoTcirrhosis
dystrophicTcalcificationT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-accumulationTofTCaTinTdeadTorTdyingTtissues
calciumTsaltTclumpTandTharden-TinterfereTwithTcellularTstructureTandTfunction
r/tTpulmonaryTTB,Tatherosclerosis,TinjuredTheartTvalves,TchronicTpancreatitis
metastaticTcalcificationT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-accumulationTofTCaTinTnormalTtissue
,resultTofThypercalcemiaTr/tThyperparathyroidism,Thyperthyroidism,TtoxicTlevelsTofTVitTD.TCanTalsoTr/tThyper
phosphatemiaTinTrenalTfailure
urateTaccumulationT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-sodiumTurateTcrystalsTareTdepositedTinTtissues-
TgroupTofTdisordersTcollectivelyTcalledTgout-TacuteTarthritis,TchronicTgoutyTarthritis,Ttophus,Tnephritis
CoagulativeTNecrosisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-kidneys,Theart,Tadrenals-TsecondaryTtoThypoxia
LiquefactiveTNecrosisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-nerveTcells-Tbrain-TaccumulationTofTpus
CaseousTNecrosisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-lungTdisease-TusuallyTTB-TtissueTlooksTlikeTclumpedTcheese
FatTNecrosisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-breast,Tpancreas,TabdominalTstructures-TcreatesTsoaps
GangrenousTNecrosisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-Dry-TdarkTshriveledTskin
Wet-TinternalTorgans-TcanTleadTtoTdeath
Gas-TfromTclostridium-TantitoxinsTandThyperbaricTtherapy
GoutT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-E.TdisturbancesTinTserumTurateTlevels.TuncommonTforT<T30TyearsTold.T
P.TuricTacidTisTdepositedTinTtheTtissuesTofTkidney,Theart,Tearlobes,TandTjoints.T
C.M.Tinflammation,TpainfulTjoints.TresultTofTdiureticTuseTorTdietThighTinTcreamTsauces,TredTwine,TorTredTme
at
RhabdomyolysisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-
E.TcellThypoxiaTcausedTbyTsevereTmuscleTtrauma,Thyperthermia,TcrushTinjuries,TorTsevereTdehydration
P.ThypoxiaTtoTcellTcausesTfailureTofTtheTNa-
KTpump,TcausingTaccumulationTofTintracellularTsodium,Toncosis,TandTeventualTcellTdeath.TCellTdeathTreleas
esTenzymesTsuchTasTCK,TuricTacid,TLDH,TAST,Tetc.
C.M.TCauses:Ttrauma,Thyperthermia,TcrushTinjuries,TsevereTdehydration;Ts/s:TCKTisT5xTupperTnormalTlimit,T
muscleTpain,Tweakness,Tdark,Treddish-brownTurine,Thypercalcemia,TrenalTfailure
, AlphaTFetoproteinTOriginT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-LiverTandTgermTcellTtumors
CarcinoembryonicTAntigenT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-GI,Tpancreas,Tlung,TbreastTtumors
ProstateTSpecificTAntigenT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-prostateTtumors
Carcino-T-TCORRECTTANSWERT-fromTepithelialTtissue-TrenalTcellTcarcinoma
Sarco-T-TCORRECTTANSWERT-fromTconnectiveTtissue-Tchondrosarcoma
CarcinomaTinTsituT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-
preinvasiveTepithelialTmalignantTtumorsTofTglandularTorTsquamousTcells-Tcervix
LungTcaTmetastasisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-MultipleTorgansTincludingTbrain
ColorectalTcaTmetastasisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-Liver,Tlungs
TesticularTcaTmetastasisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-Liver,Tlungs,Tbrain
ProstateTcaTmetastasisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-BonesT(especiallyTlumbarTspine),Tliver
HeadTandTneckTcaTmetastasisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-Liver,Tbones,Tlymphatics
OvarianTcaTmetastasisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-PeritonealTsurfaces,Tdiaphragm,Tomentum,Tliver
SarcomaTmetastasisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-Lungs
MelanomaTmetastasisT-TCORRECTTANSWERT-InTtransitTlymphatics,Tlung,Tliver,Tbrain,TGITtract
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