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Summary IEB History: End of the Cold War
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End of the Cold War & a neworder: 1989-present
, ~
Events leading to the end
of the Cold War
1. The
failing Soviet System :
~
during CW ,
Soviet Union =
closed political + economic
system
~
from late 1960s ,
Soviet economic
performance was
failing
↳
during 70s ,
its industry stagnated +
agriculture regularly failed.
~
. advances
tech in the West (esp electronics) left
.
, Soviet Union + Allies lagging behind ,
impacting on
many areas
of life , esp in .
military affairs
~
nearly 40
yrs , from West's Por ,
Soviet leaders +
many Eastern European countries seemed 'backward-
looking' +
caught in trap of Soviet
ideology
~
they appeared unable (tunwilling ? ) to tackle challenges faced together + indiv
.
Gorbachev
I explanation for this leaders simply too old
.
~
2 .
Mikhail Gorbachev
~
54-year-old lawyer +
General Secetary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
elected Soviet leader 1986 leader from 1988 until
~ ~
new
dissolution of USSR in 1991 .
big changes followed in Soviet Bloc later world
~
+ across
~
seemed v .
diff from.
his predecessors :
charming , well travelle ,
ambitious + articulate
~
however ,
initial Western response to his appointment = v . cautious
↳
they saw his rapid rise to power as result
of the V . closed system ,
he was: still one of 'them'
he proved West wrong
~
:
his plan reform failed he presided
·
was 1st to Soviet + eventually
system when that ,
over the break-up
of the political system that produced him
.
he enjoyed power but ability to bring ab
change constrained
by two main
factors dire state of
~
enormous .
=
:
Soviet inc restless situation in Eastern Europe
economy ; .
What led to end
of the CW + start of a new world order ?
.
3 Competing Economic Systems
~
USSR had centralised State -
run
economy (Socialist/Communist) W . an autocratic one-party gov System .
Central Planning
·
:
-
co-ord. + control of all economic activities are under authority of the gov ., operating in a 'closed system' .
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