1. Which statement best describes why children have fewer respiratory tract
infections as they grow older?
a. The amount of lymphoid tissue decreases.
b. Repeated exposure to organisms causes increased immunity.
c. Viral organisms are less prevalent in the population.
d. Secondary infections rarely occur after viral illnesses.: ANS: B
Children have increased immunity after exposure to a virus. The amount of
lymphoid tissue increases as children grow older. Viral organisms are not less
prevalent, but older children have the ability to resist invading organisms.
Secondary infections after viral illnesses include Mycoplasma pneumoniae and
groups A and B streptococcal infections.
2. A child has had cold symptoms for more than 2 weeks, a headache, nasal
congestion with purulent nasal
drainage, facial tenderness, and a cough that increases during sleep.
The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are characteristic of which
respiratory condition? a. Allergic rhinitis c. Asthma
b. Bronchitis d. Sinusitis: ANS: D
Sinusitis is characterized by signs and symptoms of a cold that do not improve
after 14 days, a low-grade fever, nasal congestion and purulent nasal discharge,
headache, tenderness, a feeling of fullness over the affected sinuses, halitosis,
and a cough that increases when the child is lying down. The classic symptoms of
allergic rhinitis are watery rhinorrhea; itchy nose, eyes, ears, and palate; and
sneezing. Symptoms occur as long as the child is exposed to the allergen.
Bronchitis is characterized by a gradual onset of rhinitis and a cough
that is initially nonproductive but may change to a loose cough. The manifestations
of asthma may vary, with wheezing being a classic sign. The symptoms presented
in the question do not suggest asthma.
3. Decongestant nose drops are recommended for a 10-month-old infant
with an upper respiratory tract infection. Instructions for nose drops should
include:
a. Avoiding use for more than 3 days.
Test Bank - Maternal Child Nursing Care by Perry (6th Edition, 2017) 648
b. Keeping drops to use again for nasal congestion.
c. Administering drops until nasal congestion subsides.
d. Administering drops after feedings and at bedtime.: ANS: A
, Maternal child Ch. 40 latest
Vasoconstrictive nose drops such as Neo-Synephrine should not be used for more
than 3 days to avoid rebound congestion. Drops should be discarded after one
illness because they may become contaminated with bacteria. Vasoconstrictive
nose drops can have a rebound effect after 3 days of use. Drops administered
before feedings are more helpful.
4. When caring for an infant with an upper respiratory tract infection
and elevated temperature, an appropriate nursing intervention is to:
a. Give tepid water baths to reduce fever.
b. Encourage food intake to maintain caloric needs.
c. Have child wear heavy clothing to prevent chilling.
d. Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration.:
ANS: D
Preventing dehydration by small frequent feedings is an important intervention in
the febrile child. Tepid water
baths may induce shivering, which raises temperature. Food should not be
forced; it may result in the child vomiting. The febrile child should be dressed in
light, loose clothing.
5. The parent of an infant with nasopharyngitis should be instructed to notify
the health care professional if the infant:
a. Becomes fussy. c. Has a fever over 99 F.
b. Has a cough. d. Shows signs of an earache.: ANS: D
If an infant with nasopharyngitis has a fever over 101 F, there is early evidence of
respiratory complications.
Irritability and a slight fever are common in an infant with a viral illness. Cough
can be a sign of nasopharyngitis.
6. It is generally recommended that a child with acute streptococcal
pharyngitis can return to school:
a. When the sore throat is better. c. After taking antibiotics for 24 hours.
b. If no complications develop. d. After taking antibiotics for 3 days.: ANS: C
After children have taken antibiotics for 24 hours, even if the sore throat
persists, they are no longer contagious to other children. Complications may
take days to weeks to develop.
7. A child is diagnosed with influenza, probably type A disease. Management
includes:
a. Clear liquid diet for hydration.
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