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Chapter 01: Radiation History
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MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. Radiation is defined as g g g
a. a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
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b. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
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shadows on a receptor.
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c. a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a
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metal target in an x-ray tube.
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d. a branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
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ANS: A g
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-ray is a beam of
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energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a receptor.
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X-radiation is a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a
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metal target in an x-ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of
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x-rays.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 g g g g
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics
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and radiobiology
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2. A radiograph is defined as
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a. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
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g shadows on a receptor. g g g
b. a picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
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c. the art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image receptor to
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g x-rays.
d. a form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
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ANS: B g
An x-ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
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shadows on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays
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through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental images by the
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exposure of a receptor to x-rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams
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of particles.
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DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 OBJ: g g
g1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
g g g g g g g g g
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics
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and radiobiology
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3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is the
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g correct response? g
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen
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clinically. g
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
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c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
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d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of dental
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g images.
ANS: D g
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically.
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Many dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images
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are a necessary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typically
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discovered only through the use of dental images.
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DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2 g g g g
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
g g g g g g g g
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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4. The x-ray was discovered by
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a. Heinrich Geissler g
b. Wilhelm Roentgen g
c. Johann Hittorf g
d. William Crookes g
ANS: B g
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the
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x-ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from
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the negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines, produced heat, and resulted
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in a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode rays
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were streams of charged particles.
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DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4 g g g g
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
g g g g g g g g
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
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a. Otto Walkoff g
b. Wilhelm Roentgen g
c. Edmund Kells g
d. Weston Price g
ANS: C g
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentgen
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was a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental
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radiograph in the United States using a live person. Price introduced the bisecting technique
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in 1904.
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DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5 g g g g
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
g g g g g g g g
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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6. Current fast radiographic film requires
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times used in 1920.
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a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
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d. 2
ANS: D g
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure times
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used in 1920.
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DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 OBJ: g g
g6 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
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a. C. Edmund Kells
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b. Franklin W. McCormack g g
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald
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d. Howard Riley Raper g g
ANS: C g
C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W. McCormack
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reintroduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified the paralleling
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technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique. This is the technique currently
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used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bisecting technique and introduced the bite-wing
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technique in 1925.
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DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 g g g g
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
g g g g g g g g
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
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a. Increased patient radiation exposure g g g
b. Increased patient comfort g g
c. Increased speed for viewing images g g g g
d. Increased chemical usage g g
ANS: C g
Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more sensitive to x-rays
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than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient comfort. The image
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from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need for
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chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and evaluation. The image from
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digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need for chemical
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processing.
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DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6 OBJ: 7 g g g
TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of digital
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radiography
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MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
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9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
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a. Beta particles g
b. Alpha particles g
c. Cathode rays g
d. Radioactive materials g
ANS: C g
