Summary
Summary Pharmacology: Respiratory System
- Course
- NURS504
- Institution
- University Of New Hampshire
Comprehensive review and outline of unit 9 information from ATI book and in-class disease and drugs lectures.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Respiratory System 1>
- alveoli - functional unit of respiratory system
• brush cells - receptors that monitor air quality of lungs
• macrophages - remove foreign invaders from lungs
> ventilation - flow of gases in and out of alveoli
• inspiration - air in, diaphragm down
• expiration - air out, diaphragm up
>
- work of breathing (WOB)
• amount of effort required to move air through airways
• lung compliance - ease which lungs can be inflated
- stiff, noncompliant lungs: expansion is difficult
>
- dead air space
• air that must be moved but does not participate in gas exchange
• physiologic dead space: anatomic and alveolar
>
- perfusion - flow of blood in pulmonary capillaries
• shunting - blood that moved from right to left without oxygenation
- anatomic: venous to arterial circulation without entering lungs
- physiologic: decrease ventilation and perfusion within lung
> diffusion - transfer of gases between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
- CO2 diffuses 20x more rapidly than O2; greater solubility in membranes
> arterial blood gas (ABG)
• pH: 7.35-7.45
• PCO2: 35-45mm HG
• HCO3; 22-26mEq/L
• PO2: 80-100mm HG
>
- neural control
• dorsal group - inspiration
• phrenic nerves - diaphragm contorl
• ventral group - inspiration and expiration
• respiratory function in medulla - pneumotaxic, apneustic center
> cough reflex
-
• defense mechanism of respiratory tract - protects from excess secretions, entry of foreign
substances
• regulated by cough center of brain - cough suppressants work here
> dyspnea - SOB/labored breathing
-
• primary lung diseases: pneumonia, asthma, COPD
• heart disease w/ pulmonary congestion
• neuromuscular disorders: myasthenia graves, muscular dystrophy
• assessment
- ability for complete sentences
- observed WOB (accessory muscle use)
- subjective report of labored breathing
, Respiratory System 2
>
- Common cold
• infectious causes >
- Non-opioid antitussive - dextromethorphan
- rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory • therapeutic use
syncytial virus (RSV), coronavirus, adenovirus - cough suppression
• manifestations
↳
• complications
- dryness/congestion to nasopharynx - mild nausea, dizziness, sedation, misuse
- HA, general malaise, postnasal drip, sore throat • contraindications
- rhinitis: nasal secretions, tearing of eyes - generally safe
- severe: fever, chills, exhaustion • interactions
•↳ treatment - MAOI: fever
- often acute, self limited in healthy people > expectorants - guaifenesin
-
- antipyretics, antihistamines, decongestants • therapeutic use
> rhinosinusitis - inflammation to nasal sinuses
-
- cough r/t cold, rhinitis, lower respiratory
• commonly caused by viral upper respiratory disorders
infection • complications
• acute: viral, bacterial (less than 4 weeks) - GI upset, drowsiness, dizziness, allergic rash
- haemophilus influenzae, steptococcus • contraindications
pneumoniae
- caution: asthma
• chronic: bacterial or fungal origin (greater than 12
weeks) • interactions
- streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus - generally safe
•↳ manifestations => mucolytics - acetylcysteine
- facial pain/pressure, HA, prurient nasal discharge • therapeutic use
- decrease sense of smell, fever - large secretions d/t acute/chronic respiratory
dx, cystic fibrosis, acetaminophen antidote
• treatment
↳
• complications
- antimicrobial agents, nasal irrigation,
decongestants - aspiration, bronchospasm, dizziness, drowsiness
- intranasal glucocorticoids, mucolytics - hypotension, tachycardia, hepatotoxicity
•↳ complications • contraindications
- facial edema, periorbital edema/cellulitus - caution: hypothyroidism, CNS depression, renal/
liver dx, seizure dx, asthma
> opioid antitussives - hydrocodone
-
• interactions
• therapeutic use
- aacetaminophen
- chronic, nonproductive cough > decongestants - phenylephrine
-
• complications
• therapeutic use
- CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, respiratory rhinitis, sinusitis, common cold
depression
• complications
- GI: NV, constipation
- rebound congestion, CNS stimulation,
- dependence vasoconstriction, misuse
• contraindications • contraindications
- respiratory depression, acute asthma, acute - caution: HTN, CAD, stroke, dysrhythmias
EtOH use, liver/renal dx
• interactions
- caution: children/older adults, hx substance use
- CNS stimulators
• interactions
- CNS depressants
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller emilynicely. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
64450 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now