1. Which of the following is a common pathophysiological
change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Increased lung elasticity
- B. Decreased airway resistance
- C. Hyperinflation of the lungs
- D. Increased alveolar surface area
- ANS: C
- Rationale: COPD is characterized by hyperinflation of the
lungs due to air trapping and loss of elastic recoil.
,2. What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Coronary artery spasm
- C. Atherosclerosis
- D. Valvular heart disease
- ANS: C
- Rationale: Myocardial infarction is primarily caused by
atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that can
obstruct coronary arteries.
3. Which of the following is a hallmark of acute kidney injury
(AKI)?
- A. Increased urine output
- B. Decreased serum creatinine levels
- C. Oliguria
- D. Hyperkalemia
- ANS: C
- Rationale: Oliguria, or decreased urine output, is a hallmark
of acute kidney injury, indicating impaired kidney function.
,4. The process by which cancer cells spread from the primary
site to distant organs is called __________.
- ANS: Metastasis
- Rationale: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells
spread from the primary tumor to distant organs, forming
secondary tumors.
5. __________ is a condition characterized by the presence of
excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
- ANS: Ascites
- Rationale: Ascites is the accumulation of excess fluid in the
peritoneal cavity, often seen in liver disease and heart failure.
6. The __________ is the part of the brain responsible for
regulating autonomic functions such as heart rate and blood
pressure.
- ANS: Medulla oblongata
- Rationale: The medulla oblongata regulates autonomic
functions, including heart rate and blood pressure.
, - Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by an
autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the
pancreas.
8. Hypertension is defined as a consistent blood pressure reading
of 120/80 mmHg or higher.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Hypertension is defined as a consistent blood
pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher.
9. Chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and
contribute to the development of various diseases.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Chronic inflammation can cause tissue damage
and is associated with the development of diseases such as
atherosclerosis and cancer.
Multiple Response Questions
10. Which of the following are common symptoms of heart
failure? (Select all that apply)
- A. Dyspnea
- B. Edema
- C. Bradycardia
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller emiliophd. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
