Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 3 Evolution, Biodiversity, And Population Ecology With Complete Solutions
- Course
- BIO 1
- Institution
- Stanford University
Chapter 3 Evolution, Biodiversity, And Population Ecology With Complete Solutions
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Q&AChapter 3: Evolution, Biodiversity,
And Population Ecology With
Complete Solutions
Species - Answers A population or group of populations of a
particular type of organism whose members share certain characteristics
and can breed freely with one another and produce fertile offspring.
Biologists may differ in their approaches to diagnosing species boundaries
Population - Answers A group of organisms of the same species that
live in the same area. Species are often composed of multiple of these
Evolution - Answers Genetically based change in populations of
organisms across generations. Changes in genes may lead to changes in
the appearance, physiology, and/or behavior or organisms across
generations, often by the process of natural selection
Natural Selection - Answers The process by which traits that
enhance survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future
generations of organisms than traits that do not, thereby altering the
genetic makeup of populations through time. Natural selection acts on
genetic variation and is a primary driver of evolution
, Q&A
Adaptation - Answers The pursuit of strategies to protect ourselves
from the impacts of climate change
Mutation - Answers An accidental change in DNA that may range in
magnitude from the deletion, substitution, or addition of a single nucleotide
to a change affecting entire sets of chromosomes. They provide the raw
material for evolutionary change
Convergent Evolution - Answers The evolutionary process by which
very unrelated species acquire similar traits as they adapt to similar
selective pressures from similar environments
Artificial Selection - Answers Natural selection conducted under
human direction. Examples include the selective breeding of crop plants,
pets, and livestock
Biodiversity - Answers The variety of life across all levels of
biological organization, including the diversity of species, genes,
populations, and communities
Speciation - Answers The process by which new species are
generated. In one common mechanism, allopatric speciation, species form
in the aftermath of the physical separation of populations over some
geographic distance
Phylogenetic Tree - Answers A treelike diagram that represents the
history of divergence of species or other taxonomic groups of organisms
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