Examl1:lNRl442/lNR442l(Latestl2025/l2026l
Update)lCommunitylHealthlNursinglReviewl
|lQuestionsl&lAnswers|lGradelA|l100%
lCorrectl(VerifiedlSolutions)-lChamberlain
Q:lWhatlislthel6lcriterialoflcause-effectlrelationships?
Answer:
1.lStrengthloflassociationl-
lratesloflmorbiditylorlmoralitylmustlbelhigherlinlthelexposedlgrouplthanlthelnon-exposedlgroup
2.lDose-responselrelationshipl-lincreaselexposureltolrisklfactor
3.lTemporallylcorrectlrelationshipl-lexposureltolfactorlmustloccurlbeforeleffect
4.lBiologicallplausibilityl-ldatalmustlmakelsense/explanationlforlrelationship
5.lConsistencylwithlotherlstudiesl-lobservelsimilarlassociations
6.lSpecificityl-
lexposurelvariablelmustlbelnecessarylandlsufficientltolcauseldiseasel(onelcausallfactor)
Q:lScreenings
Answer:
Identifieslrisklfactorslandldiseaseslinltheirlearliestlstages
Q:lDescriptivelEpidemiology
Answer:
Focuseslonlthelamountlandldistributionloflhealthlandlhealthlproblemslwithinlalpopulationl(descr
ibeslcharacteristicsloflbothlpeoplelwholarelprotectedlfromltheldiseaselandlwholhasltheldisease)
,Q:lAnalyticlEpidemiology
Answer:
Investigateslthelcauseslofldiseaselbyldetermininglwhylaldiseaselratelisllowerlinlonelpopulationl
grouplthanlthelother
TypesloflStudies:
1.lObservationall-ldescriptivelpurposeslandldiscoverletiologylofldisease
2.lCross-sectionall-lexaminelrelationshipslbetweenlpotentiallfactorslandldisease
3.lRetrospectivel-
lcomparelindividualslwithlalconditionlorldiseaselandlthoselwholdolnotlhaveltheldisease
4.lProspectivel-lmonitorlgrouplofldisease-
freelindividualsltoldeterminelwhetherlandlwhenldiseaseloccurs
Q:lWhatlarelthelprinciplesloflinfection/diseaseloccurrence?
Answer:
-lMulti-causationl-
linteractionloflhumanlhost,linfectiouslagent,landlenvironmentlsurroundinglhumanlhostl(anlinfect
iouslagentlalonelislnotlsufficientltolcauseldisease)
-lSpectrumloflinfectionl-lnotlalllcontactlwithlanlinfectiouslagentlleadsltolinfection
Q:lWhatlarelthelstagesloflinfection?
Answer:
1.lLatencyl-llatentlperiod
2.lCommunicablelperiodl-lspread/contagious
3.lIncubationlperiodl-ltimeloflinvasionltolsymptomslappear
Q:lEndemic
,Answer:
Occurlatlconsistent,lexpectedllevellinlalgeographiclarea
-lEx.lSTDs,lTB
Q:lOutbreak
Answer:
Unexpectedloccurrenceloflanlinfectiousldiseaselinlallimitedlgeographiclarealduringlallimitedlper
iod
-lEx.lpertussis,lsalmonella
Q:lEpidemic
Answer:
Unexpectedlincreaselinloccurrenceloflanlinfectiousldiseaselinlalgeographiclarealoverlanlextende
dlperiod
-lEx.lsmallpox
Q:lPandemic
Answer:
Steadyloccurrenceloflaldiseaselthatlcoverslallargelgeographiclarealorlislevidentlworldwide
-lEx.lH1N1linfluenza
Q:lThelChainloflTransmission
, Answer:
1.lInfectiouslAgentl(disease)
2.lReservoirl(wherelpathogenllivesl-lhuman,lanimal,lplant,lsoil,lwater)
3.lPortalloflExitl(leaveslhost)
4.lModeloflTransmissionl(directl-limmediateltransfer,lindirectl-lcontaminatedlvector)
5.lPortalloflEntryl(enterslhost)
6.lSusceptiblelHostl(thoselatlrisk)
Q:lElimination
Answer:
Communicableldiseaseloccurslwhenlitlislcontrolledlwithinlanlarea,lsuchlaslalsinglelcountrylorlc
ontinent
Q:lNotifiablelInfectiouslDiseases
Answer:
Healthcarelproviderslmustlreport/notifyllocallhealthldepartmentlforlthelfollowing:
-
lanthrax,lgonorrhea,lHeplA,lB,landlC,lHIV,lLymeldisease,lmalaria,lmeasles/mumps,lmeningoco
ccalldisease,lpertussis,lpolio,ldiptheria,lrubella,lrabies,lsalmonellosis,lSARS-
CoV,lsmallpox,lricketts,lsyphillis,ltetanus,ltoxiclshock,lTB,lVRSA,lvaricella,lyellowlfever,lzikal
virus
Q:lImmunization
Answer:
Active/passivelimmunityltolanlinfectiousldiseaselislinduced/amplified
