BASIC PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES:
CHAPTER 3 DRUG ACTION ACROSS THE LIFE
SPAN EXAM QUESTIONS 100% SOLVED
list of factors identified as contributors to the variable response to drugs - ANS-- age
- body weight
- gender
- metabolic rate
- psychology
- tolerance
- dependence
- cumulative effect
age ranges most sensitive to the effects of drugs: - ANS-infants and very old
most pediatric doses are caculated by _____________________ per _____________________ of body
weight - ANS-milligrams per kilogram
a developing science that studies differences in the normal function of men and women and addresses
how people of each gender perceive and experience disease - ANS-gender-specific medicine
chronic smoking ________________ the metabolism of some drugs, thereby requiring larger doses to be
administered more frequently for therapeutic effect - ANS-enhances
patients who are in shock have reduced peripheral vascular circulation and will absorb
____________________ or _______________________ injected drugs more slowly - ANS--
intramuscularly
- subcutaneously
patients with conditions such as nephrotic syndrome or malnutrition may have reduces amounts of
_____________ ___________________ in the blood that are necessary for adequate distribution of
drugs - ANS-serum proteins
patients with kidney failure generally will excrete drugs at a ______________ rate and must have
significant _____________________ in dosages of medications that are excreted by the kidneys - ANS--
slower
- reductions
, occurs when a person begins to require higher dosage of a medication to produce the same effects that
a lower dosage once provided - ANS-tolerance
occurs when a person is unable to control his or her desire for ingestion of drugs - ANS-drug dependence
less than ___% of patients using opioids for acute pain relief become addicted - ANS-1%
The buildup of drug concentration in the body due to multiple doses taken within short intervals - ANS-
drug accumulation
the ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and become cancerous - ANS-carcinogenicity
topical administration with percutaneous absorption is usually effective for __________________
because their outer layer of skin is not fully developed - ANS-infants
transdermal administration in _________________ patients is often difficult to predict - ANS-geriatric
in most cases, medicines are administered _________________ - ANS-orally
medicines given _______________________ are usually erratically absorbed in neonates and older
adults - ANS-intramuscularly
timed-release tablets, enteric-coated tablets, and sublingual tablets should not be
____________________ because this will increase their absorption rate and thus the potential for
toxicity - ANS-crushed
the GI absorption of medicines is influenced by some of these factors: - ANS-- gastric pH
- gastric emptying time
- motility of the GI tract
- enzymatic activity
- blood flow of the mucous lining of the stomach and intestines
- permeability and maturation of the mucosal membrane
- concurrent disease processes
premature infants have a gastric pH of ___ to ___ - ANS-6 to 8
full-term newborns have a gastric pH of ___ to ___ which, within 24 hours, decreases to ___ to ___ -
ANS-- 6 to 8
- 2 to 4
geriatric patients often have a ________________ gastric pH because of the loss of acid-secreting cells -
ANS-higher
premature infants and geriatric patients have a _________________ gastric emptying time, partly
because of their reduced acid secretion - ANS-slower
the process that uses water to initiate a chemical reaction - ANS-hydrolysis
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