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Exam (elaborations) pathophysiology
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Exam 1 for nsg 530 ( update) advanced pathophysiology with verified answers and grade a
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advanced pathophysiology exam 11. What are the properties of a eukaryotic cell: • Well define nucleus.
• cells are larger and have more extensive intracellular anatomy and organization
than do prokaryotes.
• cells bind with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and are involved in the super coiling
of DNA.
• cells have several chromosomes, protein production or synthesis
. it consists of three components: outer membrane called plasma membrane, a fluid
filling called cytoplasm, and the intra cellular organs or organelles
2. How do cells communicate with each other and the environment outside
the cell: Cells communicate by using hundreds of signal molecules.
-they display plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (receptor) that affect
the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact
-they affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to
enter the cell to bind to them
-they form protein channels (gap juctions) that directly coordinate the activities of
adjacent cells.
3. responsable for cellular respiration and energy production: mitocondria
4. they provide sites for cellular protein synthesis: ribosome
5. is the largest membrane bound organelle and is usually found in the cell
center, main function is cell division and control of genetic information:
nucleus
6. is a small dense structure composed largely of RNA and combine it with
proteins: nucleolus
7. are saclike structures that originate from the golgi complex and contain
digestive enzymes: lysosomes
8. specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid
components of most of the cells organelles: endoplasmic reticulum
9. proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum are processed and packaged into
small membrane: Golgi apparatus or complex
10. membrane organelles that contain several oxidative enzymes such as
catalase and urate oxidase. those enzymes use oxygen to remove hydrogen
in an oxidative reaction that produces hydrogen peroxide.: peroxisomes 11.
it is the gelatinous, semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm. functions include:
intermediary metabolism involving enzymatic biochemical reactions;
ribosomal protein synthesis and storage of carbohydrates, fat and
secretory vesicles: cytosol
, advanced pathophysiology exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c3kqfo
.
12. maintains the cell's shape and internal organization: cytoskeleton 13.
cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly absorbed,
destroyed and immobilized.: paracrine
14 cancer cells use this form of signaling to stimulate their survival and
proliferation. it function as a component of normal growth regulatory
mechanism.: autocrine
15. diffuses across the synaptic cleft and acts on the postsypnaptic target
cells: neurotransmitter
16. are released by one set of cells and travel through the tissue and
through the bloodstream to produce a response in other set of cells:
hormone
17. proteins float in the fluid lipid bilayer. is a membrane structure that
consists of a variety of individual protein molecules moving and shifting
within a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.: fluid mosaic model
18. second messenger: are molecules that relay signals received at receptors
on the cell surface are generated in large numbers when the membrane bound
enzyme is activated, and they then rapidly diffuse away from their source,
broadcasting the signal throughout the cell. The two major pathways are cyclic
adenosine monophosphate (AMP, CAMP) and Ca.
• a signal molecule such as epinephrine binds to a cell surface receptor, it
activate a G protein inside the cell
• The G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase to produce large amounts of cyclic
AMP from ATP
• Then cAMP binds to and activate a target protein such as a-kinase which adds
phosphate to specific protein within the cell
19. How does oxidative phosphorylation work?: Occurs in the mitochondria
and is the mechanism by which the energy produce from cahydrates, fats, and
proteins is transferred to ATP. The process by which ATP is formed
20. : is the passive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute
concentration to an area of lower solute concentration.: diffusion
21. is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a
region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute
concentration.: Osmosis
22. is the mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes:
Hydrostatic pressure
23. requires metabolic energy (ATP) to move molecules against the
concentration gradient: active transport
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