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Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following? - ANS Answer: XXY
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A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the
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fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this
condition? - ANS Answer: Tetraploidy
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A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of
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this disease is associated with: - ANS Answer: Delayed age of onset
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A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most
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of the genetic information be contained? - ANS Answer: Nucleolus
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A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
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Which finding will support this diagnosis? - ANS Answer: Inability to convert
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tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that
oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ANS Answer:
Plasma proteins
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A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for? - ANS Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a
genetic disease
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A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best
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response? - ANS Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
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A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following
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will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANS Answer: Anaerobic
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glycolysis
Acites - ANS
GH is excess fluid in the space between the tissues lining the abdomen
and abdominal organs (the peritoneal cavity).
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acute glomerulonephritis - ANS (AGN): immune disease after strept infection.
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Decreases GFR=excessive acculmulation of water and retention of sodium, onset
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appears after latent period of about 10 days. s/s: oliguria, edema, *hematuria
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"tea-colored"* mild HTN, lethargy, proteinuria, loss of appetite. Rx: none, spontaneous
recovery, supportive-diet low in sodium, protein, K. Nursing: montor fluid, edema, rest
periods. AGN is an inflammatory disease of both kidneys that usually affects children
between the ages of 2 and 12. It is an inflammation of the glomeruli that typically follows
a streptococcal infection of the skin or throat, or an autoimmune condition. Kidney
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symptoms usually begin two to three weeks after the initial infection. AGN is not
contagious.
Acute Kidney Injury - ANS abrupt loss of kidney function resulting in retention of
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urea and nitrogen.
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*Prerenal*=decrease renal blood flow s/s: hypotension, hypoperfusion
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*Intrarenal*=injury to renal tissue d/t toxins/ischemia s/s: edema, glomerulonephritis
*Postrenal*=stop/slow urine flow down the urinary tract s/s: hx of obstruction, difficulty
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voiding
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*Oliguric/anuric*=less than 500ml UO in 24 hrs, diuretic phase 24hr UO more than
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500ml and no longer rise in BUN/Cr, recovery phase months-year, scar tissue.
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Rx: no nephrotoxic drugs( aminoglycosides, ACEI, NSAIDS, radiocontrast), give IVF if
dehydrated, hemodialysis
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Complications: infection, arrhythmias (hyperkalemia) electrolyte imbalances, GI
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bleeding, multiple organ system failure.
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Nursing: assess, montor I&O, daily weight, regulate protein intake, high carb diet,
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restrict foods high in K, Phosphorus, Na
Addison's -
F ANS ___ symptoms:
brownish hyperpigmentation of skin
diarrhea, nausea
