Exam (elaborations)
Exam (elaborations) BIOS 255 (BIOS255)
- Course
- BIOS 255
- Institution
- Chamberlain College Of Nursing
BIOS 255 proficiency test 2025 a plus
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BIOS 255 proficiency test1. negative feedback: a process in which the body senses a change and
activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it
-opposes signal stimulus
-most common feedback loop
-examples: themeregulation, blood sugar regulation, blood pressure regulation
-components: stimulus~sensor~control~effector
2. negative feedback of blood pressure: blood pressure decreases-
baroreceptors respond-they send signals to cardiac center-heartbeat accelerates-
blood pressure back to normal
3. negative feedback of thermoregulation: body temp rises-brain is
stimulated to send signal to sweat glands-sweating starts
4. positive feedback loop: self-amplifying cycles in which an initial change
leads to a greater change
-enhances original stimulus
-examples: giving birth, blood clotting, lactation
5. giving birth positive feedback loop: head of baby pushes down on cervix
and causes contraction-nerve impulses on cervix sent to the brain-brain
stimulates for oxytocin release-oxytocin creates more contractions
6. epithelial tissue: Sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body
cavities -usually exposed to the environment or to and internal space in body.
-have no blood vessels
-usually lie on a vessel rich layer of connective tissue
-highly regenerative
7. Glycosaminoglycans: negatively charged, they attract sodium and
potassium ions which cause them to absorb and retain water
-play an important role in regulating the water and electrolyte balance of tissues
8. 3 types of protein fibers in connective tissue: -collagen fibers: strong and
stretch resistant
-elastic fibers: flexible and resilient
-reticular fibers: form and interwoven framework
9. function of keratin in epidermis: linked by desmosomes that gives skin
durability
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10. merocrine glands: sweat glands that function in evaporative cooling; widely
distributed over the body surface; open by ducts onto the skin surface
11. apocrine glands: Sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that
secrete thicker sweat, that produce odor when come in contact with bacteria on
the skin 12. sebaceous glands: secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where
the hair shafts pass through the dermis
13 steps of endochondral ossification: 1. Development of cartilage model
2. Growth of cartilage model
3. Development of primary ossification center
4. Development of medullary cavity
5. Development of secondary ossification center
6. Formation of articular cartilage & epiphyseal plate
14. osteoclasts: bone building cells
15. Osteoblasts: bone dissolving cells
16. Maxilla (palatine process): bone constitutes most of hard palate
17. Diaphysis: shaft of a long bone
18. Epiphysis: expanded head at each end of long bone
19. metaphysis: where diaphysis and epiphysis meet
20. Condyle: Rounded process that usually articulates with another bone
21. facet: smooth, nearly flat articular surface
22. head: the prominent expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded
23. anatomy of typical synovial joint: facing surfaces of the two bones are
covered with articular cartilage, ayer of hyaline cartilage up to 2 or 3 mm thick.
surfaces are separated by narrow space, the joint cavity, contains a slippery
lubricant called synovial fluid
24. mobility of synovial joints: -like elbow, knee, knuckle are freely mobile
-wrist and ankle have more limited mobility
25. scroiliac joint: The connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral
column.
-between the iliac bones and the sacrum. located below the waist where 2 dimples
are visible
26. Talocrular joint: -classified as hinge joint
-aka ankle joint
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