Galen NUR 242 Exam 3 Med-Surg Study Notes + Study Guide Qs & Ans (Latest 2025 / 2026): (A+ Guarantee)
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NUR242 / NUR 242 Exam 3 Galen
Study Notes + Study Guide Questions
Medical-Surgical Nursing Concepts
Table of Contents
NUR 242 Exam 3 Study Notes………………………………… 01
NUR 242 Exam 3 Study Guide Questions……………………30
1. Hiatal Hernia symptoms usually worsen after meals. These symptoms may be
made worse when: Lying flat and may resolve with sitting up or walking.
2. Hiatal Hernia patients should immediately report: abdominal pain with nau-
sea, vomiting, and fever
3. Hiatal Hernia lifestyle changes may include: elevating the head of the bed
when sleeping to allow gravity to prevent acid from refluxing into the esophagus and
remaining upright after meals.
,4. Hiatal hernia Diet should consist of: small frequent meals instead of eating
two or three larger meals a day. Avoid vigorous movement after meals.
5. Hiatal hernia foods that should be avoided include: spicy, greasy foods,
onions, tomatoes and citrus fruits
6. Gastritis occurs when: the lining of the stomach known as the mucosa be-
comes inflamed or swollen. When the stomach mucosa becomes inflamed edema,
hemorrhage and erosion of the mucosa occur.
7. Medical treatment for Gastritis depends on the specific cause. Patients will
be instructed to stop taking irritating medications such as: ASA and NSAIDS
8. Gastritis medications to decrease the amount of hydrochloric acid in
the stomach. these would include: Antacids, H2 antagonists, and Proton pump
inhibitors
9. The patient with Gastritis is at risk for: Deficient Fluid Volume
A nursing priority is to access the patient's hydration status. Includes I&O, Daily
Weights, &VS.
10. Peptic Ulcers Disease: are a break in the mucous lining of gastrointestinal tract
,from continued contact with gastric juice. This results in inflammation. Pain that is
worsened by the ingestion of food.
11. Ulcers in the mucosa of GI tract occur from several different causes.
Duodenal ulcers are associated with a: H. Pylori infection
12. Gastric ulcer pain is described as: a dull, aching pain, often right after a meal;
eating does not relieve pain and may even worsen it. Pain may also occur late at
night.
13. Other symptoms associated with PUD are: Nausea with or without vomiting,
weight loss, anorexia, belching and dyspepsia (indigestion). Patient may report a
distended abdomen that is painful.
14. PUD increased risk factor in: Smokers
smoking contributes to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Smoking causes
an acceleration of gastric emptying of liquids, promotes of duodenogastric reflux and
causes a reduction in mucosal blood flow. Patient should attend a smoking cessation
course.
15. Gastric Cancer: Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years.
Before a true cancer develops, pre-cancerous changes often occur in the inner
lining (mucosa) of the stomach. These early changes rarely cause symptoms and
, therefore often go undetected
16. The decline of stomach acids has been linked to the frequent use of an-
tibiotics to treat infection. Antibiotics can kill the bacteria called: Helicobacter
pylori (H. pylori), which is though to be a major cause of stomach cancer
17. GERD Risk factors include: Consumption of foods such as caffeine, alcohol,
spicy or fried foods, chocolate, and tomatoes. Lifestyle factors play a big part
especially alcohol and smoking.
18. GERD the nursing assessment should include: asking about a history
of heartburn or atypical chest pain associated with the reflux of GI contents.
19. GERD manifests differently depending on: the patient and the severity of
the disorder
20. GERD most common symptoms: -Heartburn (pyrosis)
-Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
(May be described as substernal burning moving up and down the chest)
21. GERD pain usually develops within: 30-60 minutes after meals
Severe heartburn pain can radiate to the neck, jaw, or back and patients may think
they are having an MI
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