Exam (elaborations)
BIOL 1441 University Of Texas - Arlington -bio 1441 exam 4 review
- Course
- BIOL 1441
- Institution
- University Of Texas - Arlington
BIOL 1441 University Of Texas - Arlington -bio 1441 exam 4 review
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bio 1441 exam 4 revieweukaryotic genome structures
pairs of chromosomes, circular chromosomes in mitochondria,
and chloroplasts
prokaryotic genome structures
large chromosomes and small plasmids
homolougous chromosomes
matching chromosomes containing the same genes on the same
position but with different DNA
sister chromatids
identical copies of a chromosome formed by DNA replication
chromosomes
carries genetic information in the form of genes
chromatin
DNA wrapped around histone proteins tightly coiled
genes vs alleles
genes: sequence of nucleotides transcribed to code for different
functions (segments of DNA)
alleles: different versions of the same gene
, diploid cells
(2n) has 2 of each chromosomes, one from each parent
ex: somatic cells (all cells except gametes)
haploid cells
(1n) has 1 of each chromosome
ex: gametes /eggs & sperm/ sexual reproduction
cell cycle order
interphase = G1, S phase, G2, M (mitosis)
G1 phase
growth occurs, build proteins and ATP to prepare for
replication.
-occurs right after cell birth
S phase
DNA synthesis, generates x shaped chromosomes made of two
identical sister chromatids
G2 phase
organelles are duplicated & ATP is produced in preparation for
mitosis and cytokinesis (chromatin duplicated)
M phase (mitosis)
mitotic phase where cells divides through mitosis
phase order of mitosis
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