Summary
Summary NUR 440 Exam 4 Study Guide
- Course
- NURSING 440
- Institution
- Denver School Of Nursing
This is a comprehensive and detailed study guide on Exam 4 for Nur 440. An Essential Study Resource just for YOU!!
[Show more]
Content preview
Ch 61 Intracranial Part two-Head trauma: injury to scalp, skull, or brain
-Traumatic brain injury:
-diffuse or focal
-High likelihood for poor outcome
-mortaility can occur immediately, within 2 hours or 3 = weeks after initial insult
-Scalp lacerations: easily recognize external head trauma
-profuse bleeding likely to occur, need direct pressure to wound (with caution)
-Risk for infection: need to wash out wound, staples or sutures, minor laceration: gauze
-Skull Fractures: can be open or closed
-Linear: break in continuity of bone (can be complex with multiple fractures, comminuted)
-Depressed: inward indentation of skull (can have communicating pathway from scalp
laceration: compound)
-Basilar Skull fracture: type of linear fracture at the base of the skull
-Battle sign: bruising over the mastoid process
-Raccoon eyes: periorbital bruising
-Caution: may lead to CSF leakage from ears (otorrhea) or nose (rhinorrhea), may
cause cranial nerve damage
-Dural tear: high risk for CSF leakage
-assess via halo test or by checking glucose level, high risk for meningitis, CSF
glucose test can be useful when checking for spinal cord or brain infections such as meningitis,
because people with these infections have low glucose in their cerebrospinal fluid
-Contraindicated: NG tubes, communication from nasal passage to brain
-Diffuse injury: concussion
-minor head injury leading to disruption of neural activty and brief disruption in LOC
-retrograde amnesia
-headache
-post concussion syndrome: persistent headache, decreased short-term memory,
intellectual decline, lethargy
-Diffuse injury: diffuse axonal injury (DAI)
-Widespread axonal damage
-CM: decreased LOC, increased ICP, posturing: either decorticate or
decerebrate, cerebral edema
-Focal injury: range from minor to severe and are highly dependent on mechanism of injury
-lacerations, contusions, hematomas (epidural, subdurla, subarachnoid), cranial nerve
injuries
-Coup contrecoup injury: minor to severe
, -brain movement due to high-energy or high-impact mechanisms
-direct impact at site (coup)
-second area of damage opposite of injury (contrecoup)
-Epidural hematoma: bleeding between the dura and inner skull surface
-emergency: arterial
-most commonly occurs due to middle mingeal artery (MMA) tear (under temporal artery)
-initial unconscious, brief lucid interval, decreased LOC
-Subdural hematoma: bleeding between dura matter and arachnoid layer
-possible emergency, likely venous
-acute: within hours
-subacute: up to 14 days after injury
-chronic: weeks or months after injury
-Subarachnoid hematoma: bleeding between the arachnoid layer and pia matter
-likey emergency: often arterial; trauma, burst aneurysm
-often needs surgical intervention
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
68443 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now