Advanced Pathophysiology NURS 5350 Exam 1 Units 1-4
Questions With Complete Solutions
What are the two major classes of living cells?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What is a Prokaryote cell?
Characterized by a LACK of distinct nucleus.
What are examples of Prokaryotes?
Cyanbacteria, Bacteria, and Rickettsiae.
What is a Eukaryote cell?
Cells WITH A WELL-DEFINED NUCLEUS and membrane
bound organelles.
What are examples of Eukaroytes?
Higher animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protozoa.
What are the cellular functions?
movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion,
excretion, respiration, reproduction, communication.
What are the three general components of Eukaroytes?
Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasma, and Intracellular organelles.
What is the function of the nucleus in Eukaryotic cells?
,Cell division and control of genetic information.
What is the function of the cytoplamsa in Eukaroytic cell?
EGG WHITE
Fills the space between the nucleus and cell membrane.
Transports waste, metabolic processes, motility, and storage.
Function of the Ribsomes in Eukaryotic cell?
Synthesizes proteins and signaling.
Function of the endoplasmic reticulum in Eukaroytic cell?
Protein synthesis and senses cellular stress.
Function of the Mitochondria in Eukaroytic cell?
Power stations that produce energy.
Function of the golgi complex in Eukaroytic cell?
Refining plant
Directs traffic especially transports proteins in and out of the
cell.
Function of lysomes in Eukaroytic cell?
PAC MAN
Eat anything in front of it, digestion, and nutrient signaling.
What are peroxisomes? (Cellular parts)
Major sites of oxygen utilization and help nerve myelination.
,What is the Cytsol? (Cellular Parts)
55% cell volume, storage, and metabolizes enzymes.
What is the cytoskeleto? (Cell parts)
The bones and muscles of the cell. Maintains cell shape,
movement in and around cell.
What is the plamsa membrane? (Cell Parts)
Encases the cell, has transport systems, cell to cell recognition,
and allows lipids to leave and transport things on hormones.
Which cell has a polar end and non-polar end?
Eukaryotic cells.
Membrane composition of Eukaroytic cells/higher cells?
Made up of PROTEINS.
Made from a chain of amino acids known as POLYPEPTIDES.
"WORKHORSES" of the cell.
Functions: Receptors, transporters, enzymes, surface markers,
adhesion molecules, and catalysts.
What is the proteolytic cascade with Eukaroytic cells?
How proteins breakdown and move.
Tightly orchestrated sequence of events that cause the
breakdown of protein.
, What is Apoptosis with Eukaroytic cells?
Pre-programmed cell death.
Every cell has an expiration date.
RBCs 90 day expiration.
What are the cellular receptors with Eukaroytic cells?
Protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in cytoplasma, or in
nucleus.
Plasma membrane receptors: Make availability for membranes
(EGG CARTON)
Ligands: (BROKEN EGG STUCK IN CARTON): determine
how cells bind or signals not to bind in surface or cell.
What are the three mechanisms that bind cells together?
Extracellular matrix, cell adhesion cells, and specialized cell
junctions.
What is the extracellular matrix and what are examples?
Mesh of fibrous proteins: fibroblasts, hyaluronic acid, collagen
(watery gel-like substance in complex carbs.
These regulate cell growth movement, and differentiation.
Extracellular matrix and basement membranes?
(BASAL LAMINA) Lies beneath epithelial cells, surrounds
individual cells, muscles, fat.
