histology ✔✔ study of tissues and how they are arranged in organs
cell junctions ✔✔ connections between two cells
tight junctions ✔✔ good for tissues that act as barriers
desmosome ✔✔ very strong and help tissues resist stretching
gap junction ✔✔ fairly weak, but great for allowing cells to communicate
quickly
tight junctions ✔✔ linkage between two adjacent cells by transmembrane
cell-adhesion proteins and makes it difficult for substances to pass
example of a tight junction ✔✔ blood-brain barrier
hemidesmosomes ✔✔ half desmosomes that anchor basal cells of an
epithelium to underlying basement membrane
, Q&A
pemphigus vulgaris ✔✔ Destruction of desmosomes by own antibodies
(autoimmune disorder)
gap junctions are formed by ✔✔ connexons
where are gap junctions located ✔✔ located in cardiac and smooth
muscle, embryonic tissue
3 steps in gap junction pathology ✔✔ defects in protein
trafficking/assembly, mutations in gap junction molecules,
improper/unregulated exchange of cellular contents
glands ✔✔ cell or organ that secrets substances for use elsewhere in the
body or releases them for elimination from the body
secretion ✔✔ product useful to the body
excretion ✔✔ waste product
exocrine glands ✔✔ maintain their contact with surface of epithelium by
way of a duct
external exocrine glands ✔✔ sweat and tear glands
internal exocrine glands ✔✔ pancreas and salivary glands
, Q&A
endocrine glands ✔✔ have no ducts; secret hormones directly into blood
hormones ✔✔ chemical messengers that stimulate cells elsewhere in the
body
examples of endocrine glands ✔✔ thyroid, adrenal, pituitary glands
organs that have both endocrine and exocrine functions ✔✔ liver,
pancreas
unicellular glands ✔✔ found in an epithelium that is predominantly non
secretory
capsule ✔✔ connective tissue covering of exocrine gland
septa or trabeculae ✔✔ extensions of capsule that divide interior of gland
into compartments (lobes and lobules
stroma ✔✔ connective tissue framework that supports and organizes
glandular tissue
parenchyma ✔✔ cells that preform the tasks of synthesis and secretion
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