MLS 4141 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ||ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST VERSION
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Course
MLS 4141
Institution
MLS 4141
Quiz: HIV types
Ans: Cause of AIDS. GAllo and levy Tyeps- HIV-1 and HIV-2.. GAG, pol, env
genes
Quiz: HIV-1
Ans: cause of HIV infecitons world wide. Groups- M, O, N, P. Nine subtypes
Quiz: HIV-2
Ans: originated in West Africa. Causes fewer cases; seems to be less
pathogenic and has lower r...
2
Ans: Genus= Lentiviridae. Family= retrovirus, contains two copies of ssRNA,
reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral RNA into DNA, Virus surrounded by
a protein called the capsid. Coverin gthe capside is th eouter envelope
Quiz: replication of HIV steps
Ans: 1. attachment of HIV to host cell via gp120-> 2. main target: T helper
Cells (CD4+)-> Coreceptor required-> 3. fusion with host cell and uncoating-> 4.
Reverse trancirptase converts viral RNA into complementary DNA-> DNA
integrated into host genome as a provirus-> viral DNA trascnribed into viral
RNA and proteins-> viral particles assembled-> assembled particles bud out of
host cell membrane-> host cell now serves as virus factory
Quiz: Innnate deefense to HIV
Ans: NK cells: cytolysis, dendritic cells stimulate release of cytokines that have
antiviral effects
Quiz: Humoral repsonse to HIV
Ans: Abs are detected by 6 weeks after infection. Abs produced later may
prevent HIV form infecting host cellsand participate in ADCC
3
Ans: T cells produce cytokines with antiviral activity. CTLs destroy HIV-
infected host cells.
Quiz: HIV Escape
Ans: Genetic mutations rapidly occur. HIV downregulates expression of MHC-
1 molecules. HIV survives as latent provirus for prolonged periods. persists and
destroys the immune system. CD4 T cells prime targets.
Quiz: Primary HIV infection
Ans: Primary- acute, early infection. Asymptomatic or flu-like. High level of
viremia and decrease in CD4 T cells
Quiz: Clinical latency of HIV
Ans: absence of clinical symptoms. Decrease in viremia and increase in CD4 T
cells
4
Ans: resurgence of viremia and decrease in number of CD4 T cells diminihses
more. Pround immunosuppression, life-threatening opportunistic infections and
malignancies
Quiz: Treatement and Prevention of HIV
Ans: SUpportive- treat infections and malignancies. Anti-retroviral therapy to
reduce replication. Goal- reduce viral load. Start early and patient compliance
(i.e. factor is cost, drugs themselves have high side effects, reference intervals)
Quiz: Antiretroviral therapy
Ans: Drugs that block various steps of HIV replication cycle. Fusion ihibtors,
reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors. most
effective when used in combination (CART). ART has significantly improved
morbidity and morality of HIV-infected persons. ART greatly reduced the rate
of perinatal transmission.
Quiz: Lab testing for HIV
Ans: Screening and diagnosis- previous algorithm and test methods. Disasese
monitoring- CD4 T-cell count. HIV-viral load. Drug resistance testing. Testing of
infants
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