Adipocytes vs Adipokines
Cytes: cells; stores triglycerides
Kines: hormones; control food intake, energy expenditures, lipid storage, insulin sensitivity, etc
Obesogens
-Chemicals that stimulate fat development and disrupt hormone signals
-Can cross placenta and in breast milk, passed down i...
NSG 533 EXAM 3
Blood pressure formula
BP = CO (cardiac output) x SVR (peripheral resistance)
Cardiac output formula
CO = HR x SV
-preload
-contractility
-after load
-autonomic effects
-humoral effects
Primary hypertension
90% cases; no clear etiology
Two main contributors
1. vasoconstriction effect on SVR (obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance)
2. Na/H2O retention effect on blood volume(natriuretic dysfunction, RAAS/SNS)
,Hypertension impact
-Contributes to heart disease, #1 killer, and stroke, #5 killer
-$150-200b/year
-Leading social inequity/disparity
Secondary hypertension
Rare; established etiology and reverses once underlying disease is fixed
-neuro/renal/endo disorders/failure/tumors
-pregnancy induced
-acute stress, drugs
Primary hypertension risk factors
Family
Age (men<55, women>70)
Black
Sodium
Diabetes
Smoking
Obesity/poor nutrition
Alcohol
Metabolic effect on HTN
Adipose cells secrete leptin and inhibit adiponectin = trigHTN pathway
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